55. JOAN²⁶ FORTESCUE (JOHN²⁵, ELIZABETH²⁴ BEAUCHAMP, SIR-JOHN²³, SIR-JOHN²², SIR-HUMPHREY²¹ DE BEAUCHAMP, ALICE²⁰ DE MOHUN, HAWSIE¹⁹ FITZGEOFFREY, ALVELINE¹⁸ DE CLARE, SIR-ROGER¹⁷, ADELIZA¹⁶ DE KEVELIOCK, HUGH "DE KEVELIOC¹⁵ DE MESCHINES, SIR-RANULPH DE GURNON¹⁴, SIR-RANULPH¹³, SIR-RANULF¹², ALIX OF¹¹ NORMANDY, RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) was born Abt. 1450 in Of Wympstone, Devonshire, England, and died Abt. 1525. She married JOHN THOMAS HEXT 1464, son of THOMAS HEXT and WILMOT POYNTZ. He was born 1434 in Of Kingston, Devonshire, England, and died 05 8 1497.

Child of JOAN FORTESCUE and JOHN HEXT is:

56. EWARD-IV KING OF²⁶ ENGLAND (THIRD DUKE OF YORK²⁵ RICHARD, EARL OF CAMBRIDGE²⁴, LIONEL DUKE OF²³ CLARENCE, EDWARD-III OF CAERNARVON KING OF²² ENGLAND, EDWARD-II OF²¹ CAERNARVON, KING OF ENGLAND, EDWARD I²⁰ (LONGSHANKS), KING OF ENGLAND, HENRY-III KING OF¹⁹ ENGLAND, KING-JOHN LACKLAND KING OF¹⁸, HENRY-II-KING-OF-ENGLAND¹⁷, DAUGHTER-OF-HENRY-I¹⁶ MATILDA, HENRY-1 KING OF¹⁵ ENGLAND, WILLIAM-11 KING OF¹⁴, WILLIAM-1 KING OF¹³, ROBERT-1 DUKE OF¹² NORMANDY, RICHARD-11 THE 4TH DUKE¹¹, RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) died 1483. He married LADY ELIZABETH GREY 1464.

Notes for EWARD-IV KING OF ENGLAND:

Edward IV., king of England, son of Richard, Duke of York, was born at Rouen in 1441, and succeeded Henry VI. in 1461.

Edward came to the throne in the midst of the fierce struggle between the Yorkists and Lancastrians, in which he greatly distinguished himself by his courage and military skill. He won a great victory over the Lancastrians, at Northampton, in July, 1460, and a second at Mortimer’s Cross, in February, 1461; after which he marched on London, and was proclaimed.

A few weeks after his accession he defeated them a third time at Towton, in Yorkshire. The war continued with varying fortunes till 1464.

In the same year he married Lady Elizabeth Grey, which so offended the Earl of Warwick commonly called the king-maker that he joined the Lancastrian party, and the civil war was recommenced. Warwick defeated Edward's forces near Banbury in 1469. Soon afterwards Warwick fled to France, whence he returned with a supply of troops, and proclaimed Henry. Edward escaped beyond sea, and Warwick released Henry from the Tower, and set him on the throne.

Edward returned with succours, and marched to London, where he took Henry prisoner. He shortly after won the battle of Barnet, in which Warwick fell. Another victory at Tewkesbury secured to him the quiet possession of the throne. Preparations were made for war with France, and an expedition sent, which was, however, fruitless. War broke out also with Scotland, but nothing of importance occurred.

In 1478 Edward had his brother, the Duke of Clarence, condemned and put to death as a traitor. Edward died in 1483.

 Children of EWARD-IV ENGLAND and LADY GREY are:

57. HENRY-V111 KING OF²⁶ ENGLAND (HENRY-V11 TUDOR KING OF²⁵, EDMUND²⁴ TUDOR, EARL OF RICHMOND, JOHN OF²³ GAUNT, DUKE OF LANCASTER, EDWARD-III OF CAERNARVON KING OF²² ENGLAND, EDWARD-II OF²¹ CAERNARVON, KING OF ENGLAND, EDWARD I²⁰ (LONGSHANKS), KING OF ENGLAND, HENRY-III KING OF¹⁹ ENGLAND, KING-JOHN LACKLAND KING OF¹⁸, HENRY-II-KING-OF-ENGLAND¹⁷, DAUGHTER-OF-HENRY-I¹⁶ MATILDA, HENRY-1 KING OF¹⁵ ENGLAND, WILLIAM-11 KING OF¹⁴, WILLIAM-1 KING OF¹³, ROBERT-1 DUKE OF¹² NORMANDY, RICHARD-11 THE 4TH DUKE¹¹, RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) He married (1) JANE SEYMOUR. He married (2) OF CLEVES ANNE. He married (3) KATHERINE HOWARD. He married (4) ANNE BOLEYN, daughter of SIR THOMAS BULLEN (AFTERWARDS EARL OF WILTSHIRE. He married (5) CATHERINE PARR. He married (6) CATHERINE OF ARAGON 06 1509.

Notes for HENRY-V111 KING OF ENGLAND:

Henry VIII., King of England,

Second son of Henry VII. and his queen, Elizabeth of York, was born at Greenwich, in 1491. He was very early created Duke of York, and at four years of age was named Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland. He became heir apparent on the death of his elder brother, Prince Arthur, in April, 1502, and was soon after created Prince of Wales. He succeeded his father on the throne in April, 1509, and his handsome person, frank and spirited bearing, accomplishments, and graceful familiarity with his inferiors, secured him general liking, and excited sanguine hopes. He had the infamous Dudley and Empson tried for conspiracy, imprisoned, and afterwards executed. His marriage with Catherine of Aragon, his brother's widow, an event leading to such great and unlooked-for issues, took place in June, 1509.

Henry joined the Holy League against France, and in 1513, with Maximilian, won the 'Battle of the Spurs,' and took Terouanne. The same year the victory of Flodden was won by the Earl of Surrey over the Scots. The influence of Wolsey soon after became predominant, and he had a leading part in the intrigues carried on by the English king with Francis I. of France and his great rival the Emperor Charles V. Henry had a friendly interview with Charles at Dover, in the spring of 1520, and very soon after met Francis near Calais, at the famous 'Field of the Cloth of Gold.' For several years, however, he united with the Emperor against France and after the battle of Pavia, he allied himself with Francis against Charles.

The series of momentous changes which have made the reign of Henry VIII. so memorable, and which are summed up in the word 'Reformation,' may be said to have commenced in the year 1527; when the king first moved for a divorce of Katherine. It is impossible here to give even an epitome of the details of the great struggle. The sentence of divorce was pronounced by Cranmer, who rose into power after the fall of Wolsey, and was made archbishop of Canterbury. Cranmer's sentence was annulled by the pope, Clement VII.; but Henry married Anne Boleyn, and the Church of England was finally separated from Rome. The royal in supremacy was enacted by parliament; Fisher and More were put to death for practically denying it; and under the administration of Thomas Cromwell the dissolution of the monasteries was carried out. Insurrections were provoked and rigorously suppressed; the king's proclamations were declared to have the force of laws; and, at the instigation of Bishop Gardiner, the infamous act of the 'Six Articles' was passed, under which a large number of executions took place.

The cruelty and tyrannical disposition of Henry became more and more apparent as he advanced in years and failed in health. And the fearful series of political executions, which had commenced with that of Edmund de la Pole, Duke of Suffolk in 1513, was terminated by that of Henry Earl of Surrey, in January, l547. According to Holinshed, the number of executions in this reign amounted to 72,000. Henry VIII married six wives: Catherine of Aragon, divorced after 24 years; Anne Boleyn, beheaded; Jane Seymour, who died in child-bed; Anne of Cleves, put away in a few months; Katherine Howard, beheaded; and Catherine Parr who survived him. Katherine of Aragon was the mother of Queen Mary; Anne Boleyn of Queen Elizabeth; and Jane Seymour of Edward VI. Henry had several other children who died young. He died January 28, 1547. His character and the great events of his reign have furnished matter of continued controversy, and are likely to do so for a long time to come. Mr. Fronds, in his 'History of England,' has done his best to vindicate the character of this king, and to show that the popular conception of it is not justified by the facts ; but his view is not generally accepted. The important collection of 'Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, of the Reign of Henry VIII.,' edited by Professor Brewer, is still in course of publication. Sixteen portraits of Henry VIII. were lent to the National Portrait Exhibition (1866), among them the two by Holbein and the group of Henry and his family from Hampton Court. But pre-eminent among all was the magnificent cartoon belonging to the Duke of Devonshire; a genuine drawing of Holbein's, full-length, life-size, with Henry VII. in the background: the original of all the master's large full-length portraits. A small portrait, on copper, is in the National Portrait Gallery.

Notes for OF CLEVES ANNE:

Anne, of Cleves daughter of John, third duke of Cleves, became in 1540, at the age of 25, the wife of Henry VIII, of England, who fell in love with Holbein's portrait of her, but was disenchanted at first sight, and in a few months divorced her, She was of a dull, apathetic nature, contented herself with a pension, and died in England, 1557.

Notes for KATHERINE HOWARD:

She was beheaded by Henry V111

Notes for ANNE BOLEYN:

Anne Boleyn, or Bullen, queen of Henry VIII.,

Anne was daughter of Sir Thomas Bullen (afterwards earl of Wiltshire), and was born in 1507. After a residence of some years at the French court, she became maid of honour to Catherine, queen of Henry VIII., and soon attracted the admiration of the king. In 1532 she was made marchioness of Pembroke, and in the following year married to Henry and crowned queen. In 1536 charges of conjugal infidelity were brought against her, on which she was tried and beheaded, May 19, 1536. Anne Boleyn was a promoter of the Reformation, and the king's determination to marry her was the occasion of the final separation of England from the Catholic church. She was the mother of Queen Elizabeth. Of her elder sister, Mary Boleyn, little is at present known except that the king had an intrigue with her before he married Anne; that she consequently played indirectly an important part in the divorce negotiations, and was twice married, first to William Carey, and afterwards (1535) to Sir William Stafford.

Notes for CATHERINE PARR:

Catherine Parr, Queen of Henry VIII., was eldest daughter of Sir Thomas Parr, of Kendal, in Westmoreland.

She was married early in life to Edward Burghe; and, surviving him, she was next married to John Neville, Lord Latimer.

Her second husband, too, she survived; and, in 1543,

Catherine was raised to the throne by King Henry VIII., being his sixth and last wife. Her attachment to the reformed religion gave deep offence to the still powerful popish party. Gardiner, Wriothesley, and others accused her to the king of heresy and treason, and so far wrought upon him that he signed a warrant for her committal to the Tower.

But with her usual tact and good sense she did away at once with the king's suspicions; and when Wriothesley, attended by some guards, called to convey her to the Tower, he found her in high favour, and was sent from the presence of the king with knave, fool, beast, and the like gentle terms. Catherine retained her ascendancy over the king and at his death he left her £4000 in addition to her jointure, 'for her great love obedience chasteness of life, and wisdom.' She afterwards married Sir Thomas Seymour, uncle of Edward VI., but they lived by no means happily together; and when she died, though in childbed, it was currently reported that she was poisoned. Her letters, some of which have been printed, as well as some devotional treatises showed that she had considerable literary talent. Died, 1548.

Child of HENRY-V111 ENGLAND and JANE SEYMOUR is:

Child of HENRY-V111 ENGLAND and ANNE BOLEYN is:

Child of HENRY-V111 ENGLAND and CATHERINE ARAGON is:

58. HENRY-VI KING OF²⁶ ENGLAND (HENRY-V KING OF²⁵, HENRY-IV KING OF²⁴, JOHN OF²³ GAUNT, DUKE OF LANCASTER, EDWARD-III OF CAERNARVON KING OF²² ENGLAND, EDWARD-II OF²¹ CAERNARVON, KING OF ENGLAND, EDWARD I²⁰ (LONGSHANKS), KING OF ENGLAND, HENRY-III KING OF¹⁹ ENGLAND, KING-JOHN LACKLAND KING OF¹⁸, HENRY-II-KING-OF-ENGLAND¹⁷, DAUGHTER-OF-HENRY-I¹⁶ MATILDA, HENRY-1 KING OF¹⁵ ENGLAND, WILLIAM-11 KING OF¹⁴, WILLIAM-1 KING OF¹³, ROBERT-1 DUKE OF¹² NORMANDY, RICHARD-11 THE 4TH DUKE¹¹, RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) was born 1421 in Windsor Castle, England Assume Throne at 9 months old, and died 1461. He married MARGARET OF ANJOU QUEEN OF ENGLAND 1444, daughter of KING OF SICILY AND DUKE OF ANJOU RENÉ.

Notes for HENRY-VI KING OF ENGLAND:

Henry VI., King of England, was the only son of Henry V. and his queen, Katherine of France, and was born at Windsor, in 1421.

At the age of nine months be succeeded his father, 1st September, 1422, the government being intrusted to his uncles the Dukes of Gloucester and Bedford, of whom the former was named Protector of the Realm of England, and the latter Regent of France.

The guardianship of the young king was intrusted to Richard Beau-champ, Earl of Warwick. Henry was crowned at London in 1429, and at Paris in 1431. The war in France was continued, and several victories were gained by the English, but in 1429 the extraordinary intervention of the Maid of Orleans compelled them to raise the siege of that city, and the English power in France rapidly declined.

In 1444 the king married Margaret of Anjou, daughter of René, King of Sicily and Duke of Anjou, who by her high spirit, ambition, and audacity, gained a complete ascendancy over her 'meek' and feeble husband. The king had little influence personally on the course of events, and the government was weakened by the quarrels of his uncles. The measures of the ministers, Suffolk and Somerset, excited much popular irritation, and insurrections broke out in 1450; the most serious of which was that headed by Jack Cade. In 1453 the brave Talbot was defeated and killed at Castillon, Bordeaux was soon after taken by the French, and nothing was left in France under English dominion but Calais.

The same year the king fell into a state of mental aberration and incapacity for governing; and about the same time his son Edward was born. Then began the Civil Wars of the Roses, which filled up the remaining years of Henry's reign; and, after various alternations of fortune, victory remained with the Yorkists. The accession of Edward IV. and the exile of Henry took place in 1461. The war, however, continued; chiefly through the courage and energy of the Queen Margaret, but in 1466 Henry was captured and imprisoned in the Tower. Released by the great Earl of Warwick in 1470, he was again imprisoned by Edward in the following year, and was soon after found dead in the Tower. Whether he was murdered or died a natural death from overpowering grief is uncertain. Henry was a man of sincerely religious character, but without the strength and capacity to rule, and his misfortunes and tragic end may justly be pitied. An endeavour was made by Henry VII. to get him canonized, but unsuccessfully.

Notes for MARGARET OF ANJOU QUEEN OF ENGLAND:

Margaret of Anjou,

Queen of Henry VI. of England, was the daughter of René d’Anjou, King of Naples.

She was born about 1425, and was married to Henry VI. in 1445, the marriage being negotiated by the Earl of Suffolk.

It was offensive to the Duke of Gloucester, one of the young king's guardians, and unpopular because it was accompanied by the giving up of the English possessions in France.

The king falling into a state of imbecility, the real power was in Margaret's hands, and to tell her story fully would be to give in great part the history of the civil war which soon broke out between the rival houses of York and Lancaster. Intrepid in the field, she signalized herself by heading her troops in several battles; and if she had not been the occasion of her husband's misfortunes, by putting to death the Duke of Gloucester, his uncle, her name would have been immortalized for the fortitude, activity, and policy with which she supported the rights of her husband and son.

The fatal defeat at Tewkesbury, in 1471, however, put an end to all her enterprises; she with the king being taken prisoner, and Prince Edward, their only son, being killed. Margaret was ransomed by Louis XI. in 1475, for 50,000 crowns, and died in Anjou, 1482.

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Child of HENRY-VI ENGLAND and MARGARET ENGLAND is:

59. THOMAS²⁷ HEXT (JOAN²⁶ FORTESCUE, JOHN²⁵, ELIZABETH²⁴ BEAUCHAMP, SIR-JOHN²³, SIR-JOHN²², SIR-HUMPHREY²¹ DE BEAUCHAMP, ALICE²⁰ DE MOHUN, HAWSIE¹⁹ FITZGEOFFREY, ALVELINE¹⁸ DE CLARE, SIR-ROGER¹⁷, ADELIZA¹⁶ DE KEVELIOCK, HUGH "DE KEVELIOC¹⁵ DE MESCHINES, SIR-RANULPH DE GURNON¹⁴, SIR-RANULPH¹³, SIR-RANULF¹², ALIX OF¹¹ NORMANDY, RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) was born 1487, and died 04 15 1558 in Georgeham, Devonshire, residing at Pickwell in the parish of Georgeham. She married WILMOTE (MISS) POYNTZ 1510, daughter of HUMPREY POYNTZ and ELIZABETH POLLARD. She was born 1487, and died 04 15 1558.

Notes for WILMOTE (MISS) POYNTZ:

POYNTZ

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(1) Pons (Pontius), born about 1034, Gloucestershire, England, died before 1086. Father of:

(2) Simon FitzPons, born about 1068 in Glouchestershire, England, died 1150. He was married about 1192 at Swell, Gloucestershire. Father of:

(3) Pons (Pontius) FitzSimon, born about 1100, Swell, Glouchestershire, England, living 1166, lord of Tockington and Swell, co. Gloucester. Father of:

(4) Nicholas Poyntz, born about 1132 in Tockington, Glouchestershire, England, died 4 April 1222. Nicholas was lord of Tockington and Swell, co. Gloucester, steward of Gilbert, Earl of Gloucester, 1217-30, keeper of Gloucester Casle, keeper of the Honour of Dunster. Nicholas married Juliana, died by 1219, daughter of Hugh Bardolf and Isabel de Condet. Hugh was lord of Waddington, Risehold and Scother, co. Lincoln, brother and heir Hamelin Bardolf, living 1162, lord of Bungay, Suffolk. The parentage of Hugh and Hamelin Bardolf is unknown, but they were closely related to Thomas Bardolf, ancestor of the Lords Bardolf of Wormegay. Isabel de Condet (or Cundy), living 1166, had land in South Carlton, co. Lincoln, and app. also in Grimston, co. Nottingham as maritagium. Isabel's identity is proved by her maritagium in South Carlton, co. Lincoln, which land was part of her mother's known holding in that locality, temp. King Stephen, 1135-1154. Isabel was the daughter of Robert de Condet, died about 1141, and Adeliza de Meschines, died 1128. Robert was lord of Thorngate Castle in the city of Lincoln, and of Wickhambreux, Kent, Grinston, co. Nottingham, and South Carlton, Thurlby, Eagle and Skellingthorpe, co. Lincoln. He was son of Osbert de Condet (or Cundy), who died by 1130, lord of Wickhambreux, Kent, Grimston, co. Nottingham, and South Calrton, Eagle and Skellingthorpe, co. Lincoln, and his wife Adelaide daughter and heir of William de Chesney, lord of Caenby and Glentham, co. Lincoln. Nicholas Poyntz and Juliana Bardolf were parents of:

(5) Hugh Poyntz, born 1198; married at Curry Malet on 23 March 1217, Somersetshire, England, Hawise, daughter of William Malet and Alice Picot. Sir William was a Magna Charta Surety, and Sheriff of Somerset and Dorset. An adult by 1196, he was sheriff of Somerset and Dorset in 1209, Magna Charta Surety in 1215. Hawise's sister, Mabel, married Hugh de Vivonia, Baron of Chewton and Steward of Poitou. Hawise married secondly on 4 February 1221 Sir Robert de Muscegros. Hugh and Hawise were parents of:

(6) Nicholas Poyntz, born in 1220, died before 7 October 1273. Sir Nicholas was Lord of Tockington and Swell in Gloucestershire. In 1225 he was, through his grandmother, coheir of Robert Bardolf, and on death of his step-father in 1253/4 he received his mother's part, half of the barony of Curre Malet, Somerset, along with 1/3 of the Basset inheritance. He married Elizabeth, daughter of Timothy Dyall (Visitation of Essex). Parents of:

(7) Hugh Poyntz, Baron of Cory Malet, born 25 August 1252, Tuckington, Glouchestershire, England, died before 4 January 1307/1308. Sir Hugh was first Lord Poyntz and held the manors of Curry Malet in Somerset, Tockington in Gloucestershire, Hoo St. Werbergh and Lullingstone in Kent, Dullingham in Cambridgeshire and Sutton in Dorset. It is probable his wife was Margaret, daughter of Sir William Pavely. Father of:

(8) Nicholas Poyntz, Baron of Cory Malet and 2nd lord Poyntz, born 1278, Tuckington, Glouchestershire, England, died before 12 July 1311. He was married four times. Sir Nicholas was conservator of peace in Dorset (1307), supervisor of the array in Somerset and Dorset (1311), held the manors of Curry Malet in Somerset, Tockington in Gloucester, Hoo and Lullinstone in Kent, Dullingham in Cambridge and Sutton and Stoke St. Edwald in Dorset. He married first Elizabeth la Zouche. He married second Maud or Matilda, daughter and eventual heir of Sir John de Acton who died 1312 of Iron Action, Gloucester and his wife Helen. Sir John was sheriff of Hereford (1294-1299), sheriff of Shropshire and Staffordship (1304-1305), knight of the shire of Hereford (1300 and 1301), and of Gloucester (1301). Maud married second by April 12, 1315 Sir Roger de Chaundos (or Chandos), first Lord Chaundos, Lord of Snodhill, Willington and Fownhope in Hereford, sheriff of Hereford, co. Glamorgan and Morganweg, Keeper of Caephilly Castle. Nicholas and Maud were parents of:

(9) Sir John Poyntz, Knight, born about 1310, Tuckington, Glouchestershire, England, died 24 February or 21 September 1376. He married 1351, Irchenfield, Herefordshire, England, Elizabeth, born 1312, Denchurch, Irchenfield, Herefordshire, England. She was the daughter of Philip de Clanvowe, died 1347, and Philippa Talbot. Sir Philip de Clanvowe was of Michaelchurch-on-Arrow, co. Radnor, and Yazor, King's Pyon, Hergast and Ocle Pichard, Herefordshire. He was hereditary bailiff in fee in the lordship of Gladestry, co. Radnor, deputy to his father-in-law (Gilbert Talbot), then Justice of South Wales, commissioner for Gilbert Talbot's castles. Philip is son and heir of William ap Hywel, living in 1286. Sir John Poyntz was Lord of Iron Acton, Winston and Elkstone, Gloucester, which he received in 1343 through an agreement with his first cousin, Sir John de Acton. He was also Sheriff of Gloucester (1368). Parents of:

(10) Robert Poyntz, born 1359, christened 15 June 1359 at Denchurch, Irchenfield, Herefordshire, England. He died 15 June 1439 and was buried at Iron Acton, Gloucestershire, England. Robert Poyntz, Esq. was Lord of Iron Acton, Winston, Elkstone and Acton Ulgar, Gloucester, and (in right of his wife) Lord of Hull alias Hill and Nympsfield, Gloucester. He was escheator of Gloucester in 1395, 1399, 1402 and 1415, and sherrif of the county in 1396. He married first Anne (parents not known), d.s.p. He and wife Katherine FitzNichol of the Berkeley family were the parents of:

(11) Nicholas Poyntz, born about 1379 at Iron Action, Glouchestershire, England, died 1449/1452. Sir Nicholas was Lord of Iron Action, Rockington, Swell, Nympsfield, Winston and Elstone Gloucester), escheator for Gloucester (1424, 1434). He married about 1431 at Harescombe, Glouchestershire, England, Elizabeth, born about 1411, Harescombe, Glouchestershire, England, died about 1431. She was the daughter of Thomas Myll, born about 1360, Harescombe, Gloucestershire, England, died before 11 June 1422, buried in Harescombe, Gloucestershire, England, and Juliana de Rous. He married second Elizabeth, living 7 December 1470, daughter of Sir Henry Hussey of Harting, Sussex. Nicholas Poyntz and Elizabeth Mill were parents of:

(12) Humphrey Poyntz, born about 1434 at Iron Action, Glouchestershire, England, died 10 October 1487. He married about 1431, Harescombe, Glouchestershire, England, Elizabeth, daughter and sole heir of Richard Pollard. Humphrey was Escheator of Devonshire 1460. Parents of:

Wilmot, born by 1487, died 15 April 1558; married first --- Hyllinge; married second about 1510 Thomas Hext

Child of THOMAS HEXT and WILMOTE POYNTZ is:

60. MARY-1 QUEEN OF²⁷ ENGLAND (HENRY-V111 KING OF²⁶, HENRY-V11 TUDOR KING OF²⁵, EDMUND²⁴ TUDOR, EARL OF RICHMOND, JOHN OF²³ GAUNT, DUKE OF LANCASTER, EDWARD-III OF CAERNARVON KING OF²² ENGLAND, EDWARD-II OF²¹ CAERNARVON, KING OF ENGLAND, EDWARD I²⁰ (LONGSHANKS), KING OF ENGLAND, HENRY-III KING OF¹⁹ ENGLAND, KING-JOHN LACKLAND KING OF¹⁸, HENRY-II-KING-OF-ENGLAND¹⁷, DAUGHTER-OF-HENRY-I¹⁶ MATILDA, HENRY-1 KING OF¹⁵ ENGLAND, WILLIAM-11 KING OF¹⁴, WILLIAM-1 KING OF¹³, ROBERT-1 DUKE OF¹² NORMANDY, RICHARD-11 THE 4TH DUKE¹¹, RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) was born 02 1515/16 in Greenwich, and died 11 17 1558 in Westminster Abbey, London, England. She married PHILIP OF SPAIN.

Notes for MARY-1 QUEEN OF ENGLAND:

Mary l Queen of England, daughter of Henry VIII. and his queen, Catherine of Aragon, was born at Greenwich, in February, 1516.

She was soon declared Princess of Wales, and was settled with a numerous household at Ludlow, where she was under the care of the Countess of Salisbury. Brought up in the Catholic faith, she took the part of her mother in the disputes respecting the divorce, and thereby estranged herself from her father. Many schemes for her marriage were projected, but they came to nothing. After the execution of the Queen, Anne Boleyn, in 1536, Mary was induced to acknowledge the king as head of the church in England, to confess that her mother's marriage was unlawful, and to express her sorrow for her resistance to his laws; and was then restored to his favour. She yielded an outward conformity to the successive changes in religion during Henry's reign, and the succession was secured to her by Act of Parliament passed in 1544.

During the reign of her brother, Edward VI., she steadily refused conformity to the Protestant religion, which led to the attempt to make Lady Jane Grey queen instead of her. This attempt failed, although Lady Jane was actually proclaimed on the death of Edward, July 6, 1553, and Mary entered London in triumph.

She immediately set herself to the task of undoing the work of the preceding reign, and re-establishing the Catholic faith. She liberated the imprisoned Catholic bishops, imprisoned Cranmer, Latimer, and other leading Protestants, had Lady Jane Grey and her husband put to death on the charge of treason, and on the instigation of Gardiner procured the repeal of all the laws of Henry VIII. and Edward VI. respecting religion.

An insurrection which was provoked by the proposal of her marriage with Philip of Spain, and was headed by Sir Thomas Wyatt, was immediately suppressed, and the marriage took place at Winchester, in July, 1554. Her chief advisers were Cardinal Pole and Bishop Gardiner, and the rest of her reign is filled with the relentless persecution of the adherents of reform. The number of victims is variously estimated, but at the lowest it was about three hundred. Bonner, Bishop of London, especially distinguished himself as a promoter of this persecution.

In 1557 war was renewed between France and Spain, and Mary took part with Spain; losing soon after the town of Calais, a blow felt as keenly by the queen as by the nation. Worn out with bodily and mental suffering, Mary died, November 17, 1558, and was buried in Westminster Abbey. The popular estimate of Queen Mary is expressed by the epithet 'Bloody;' but while the fitness of the term to characterize her reign is acknowledged, it is necessary, if we would be just, to consider many things besides the fact of her persecutions, and to make large allowance for her. She must at least be credited with sincerity in her attachment to the faith of her mother; and in her endeavour to establish it by persecuting its enemies, she shared the spirit and followed the example of all dominant churches of the age. With Queen Mary the last hope of a triumph of Romanism in England died out. Portraits of Mary were lent by the Queen (Victoria), the Society of Antiquaries, and Mr. W. B. Stopford, to the National Portrait Exhibition (1866). The two latter were painted by Lucas de Heere.

Child of MARY-1 ENGLAND and PHILIP SPAIN is:

61. MARGERY²⁸ HEXT (THOMAS²⁷, JOAN²⁶ FORTESCUE, JOHN²⁵, ELIZABETH²⁴ BEAUCHAMP, SIR-JOHN²³, SIR-JOHN²², SIR-HUMPHREY²¹ DE BEAUCHAMP, ALICE²⁰ DE MOHUN, HAWSIE¹⁹ FITZGEOFFREY, ALVELINE¹⁸ DE CLARE, SIR-ROGER¹⁷, ADELIZA¹⁶ DE KEVELIOCK, HUGH "DE KEVELIOC¹⁵ DE MESCHINES, SIR-RANULPH DE GURNON¹⁴, SIR-RANULPH¹³, SIR-RANULF¹², ALIX OF¹¹ NORMANDY, RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) was born 1510, and died 08 22 1551 in Brauton, Devonshire, England. She married SIR-JOHN COLLAMORE, son of PETER COLLAMORE and ISABELL CUSHE. He was born 1505, and died 04 17 1555.

Notes for SIR-JOHN COLLAMORE:

Lineage Royal

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Agnes Harris, christened 6 April 1604, Barnstaple, Devonshire, England, living 1680, Hartford, Connecticut. She married first about 1634, probably at Cambridge Massachusetts, William Spencer, christened 11 October 1601, Stotfold, Bedfordshire, England, died 1640 Hartford, Connecticut, Deputy to Massachusetts general Court, 1634 through 1637, and representative to Connecticut General Court, 1639 to 1640. He was son of Gerard Spencer and Alice Whitbread. Agnes married second 11 December 1645, Hartford, Connecticut, William Edwards, christened 1 November 1618, St. Botolph's without Aldgate, Middlesex, England, living 1680, Hartford, Connecticut, son of Rev. Richard Edwards, B.A., by his wife Anne, daughter of Mrs. Julian Munter. Agnes' identity is proven by the wills of her mother Elizabeth Harris, 1649, her sister Priscilla Harris 1651, and her brother Richard Harris 1665, all of which mention her. Agnes was daughter of Elizabeth Collamore, christened 2 September 1566, Bishop's Tawton, Devonshire, England, buried 7 December 1647, Barnstaple, Devonshire, England; married 18 January 1586/7, Braunton, Devonshire, to Bartholemew Harris, yoeman, Mayor of Barnstaple, Devonshire 1602, born about 1560, buried 10 October 1615, Barnstaple, Devonshire. Bartholemew's parentage has not been establsihed but he was probably related in some manner to john Harris, Mayor of Barnstaple 1578 and 1596 whose will dated 1600, (died probably 1602), names Bartholemew Harris as a co-executor of John Harris' estate.

Elizabeth was daughter of Henry Collamore, a second son but eventually heir, christened 12 January 1541/2, Braunton, Devonshire, England, buried 15 June 1625, Bishop's Tawton, Devonshire; married by 1563, place unknown, Margaret Blight, born about 1545, buried 27 November 1626, Bishop's Tawton, Devonshire.

Henry was son of Margery Hext, born about 1510, buried 22 August 1551, Brauton, Devonshire; married about 1532 John Collamore, born about 1500, buried 17 April 1555, being of Luscott, in the parish of Braunton, Devonshire, son of Peter Collamore and Isabel Cushe. The Collamore family arms were, Gules, three crescents between nine billets ore.

Margery was daughter of Thomas Hext, a younger son, born about 1475 to 1480, buried 1 December 1555, Georgeham, Devonshire, residing at Pickwell in the parish of Georgeham at his death. He was Escheator of Devonshire 1525. He married about 1510 Wilmot Poyntz, the widow Hyllinge, born by 1487, died 15 April 1558. She was a daughter of Humphrey Poyntz, died 1487, of Iron Acton, Gloucestershire and Womberlegh and Langley, Devonshire, by his wife Elizabeth Pollard, daughter and sole heir of Richard Pollard. Humphrey was Escheator of Devonshire 1460. The Poyntz family can be traced directly back to Sir Hugh Poyntz, died 1220, whose wife Hawise was a daughter of William Malet, a Magna Charta baron. The Poyntz family arms were Barry of eight ore and gules.

Thomas was son of Joane Fortescue, born about 1450, living in 1524, but dead by 1525, Staverton, Devonshire; married about 1470 to 1475, Thomas Hext, gentleman of Kingston in the parish of Stacerton, Devonshire, died shortly before 8 may 1497, when a writ for an Inquistion post mortem on his estate was issued to the escheator of Devon. He is referred to as being deceased in the Inq.p.m. taken on his mother-in-law, Joan Fortescue's estate in 1501. The Hext family arms were Ore, a tower (castle) with three battlements port open between 3 battle axes Sable.

Joane was daughter of John Fortescue, heir to his parents, born about 1420, died 11 March 1480/81, Inquisition post mortem taken 4 November 1481. He was Lord of Whympston, Devonshire. He married by 1450, Joan Prutteston, daughter and sole heir of John Prutteston of Prutteston (or Preston) in the parish Ermington, Devonshire. Joan is mentioned in the Inq.p.m. taken on her father's lands dated 1468. She died 23 May 1501, Inq.p.m. taken 26 October 1501. The Fortescue family later quartered the Prutteston arms, they being, Ore on a bend azure, 3 crosses patty fitchy argent. John Fortescue is sometimes confused with his first cousin, Sir John Fortescue, the emeinent lawyer who became lord chief justice in England.

John was son of William Fortescue, heir to his parents, born about 1385; married by 1410 Matilda Falwell, alias Mabilla, daughter and heir of John Falwell or Fawell. Both were mentioned in the license for an oratory granted in 1410 by Bishop Stafford to William's father mentioned below. The Fortescue family later quartered the Falwell arms, they being Gules, on a bend argent, 3 water bougets sable.

William was son of

Elizabeth Beauchamp, daughter and eventual co-heir, born by 1349, living 1410, Whympston in parish of Modbury, Devonshire. She married first Richard, son of Adam de Branscombe. By 1394, and probably much earlier, she had married second William Fortescue, Lord of Whympston, Devonshire. He was born about 1345, living in 1410, son of William Fortescue, Lord of Whympston, Devonshire, by his wife Alice Strechlegh, daughter of Walter de Strechlegh. In 1401, William and Elizabeth sued her sister, Joan's husband, Sir Robert Challons, regarding tenements in Oulescombe and Buckerell, Devonshire which had been possessed by Elizabeth's brother, Sir Thomas Beauchamp. In 1410, license for oratory was granted by Bishop Stafford to William Sr., and Elizabeth, his wife, and also William Jr., and Matilda, his wife, for the mansion of the said William Sr. at Whympston. The arms of Fortescue were Azure, a bend engrailed Argent, cotised Ore.

Elizabeth was daughter of Sir John Beauchamp, Knight and heir, born about 1315, died 8 April 1349, Lord of Ryme, Dorsetshire and of Oburnford, Oulescombe, Teignhervy and Buckerell, Devonshire. He married first about 1340 Margaret Whalesburgh, daughter of John Whalesburgh. She married secondly by 23 October 1353 Richard de Branscombe, Sheriff of Devonshire in 1358, 1366 and 1374. The arms of the Whalesburghs were Argent, three bendlets, gules, a bordure sable charged with 8 besants.

John was son of Sir John Beauchamp, Knight, born about 1285, living 1337, and presumed dead by 1346, Lord of Ryme, Dorset and of Oburnford, Oulescombe, Teignherby and Buckerell, Devonshire. He married first by 1311/1312 Joan, maiden name unknown. He also apparently married by 1344 Alice de Nonant, daughter and coheir of Sir Roger de Nonant, Lord of Cliston or Brode Clist, Devonshire. Alice is generally accepted a sthe mother of the preceding John Beauchamp, born about 1315. John was the son of:

John was son of

Sir Humphrey de Beauchamp = Sybil Oliver

Alice de Mohun = Robert de Beauchamp

Hawise FitzGeoffrey = Sir Reynold de Mohun

Aveline de Clare = Geoffrey FitzPiers

Roger de Clare, 2nd Earl of Hertford = Maud de St. Hilaire

Richard de Clare = Adeliza des Meschines

Adeliza de Clermont = Gilbert de Clare

Margaret de Montdidier = Hugh I, Count de Clermont

Alice of Roucy = Hildouin IV, Count de Montdidier

Beatrix de Hainault = Ebles I, Count de Roucy

Edith of France = Rainier IV, Count of Hainault

Hugh Capet, King of France, died 996A.D. = Adelaide of Poitou

Child of MARGERY HEXT and SIR-JOHN COLLAMORE is:

62. JAMES-1 KING OF²⁸ ENGLAND (MARY-1 QUEEN OF²⁷, HENRY-V111 KING OF²⁶, HENRY-V11 TUDOR KING OF²⁵, EDMUND²⁴ TUDOR, EARL OF RICHMOND, JOHN OF²³ GAUNT, DUKE OF LANCASTER, EDWARD-III OF CAERNARVON KING OF²² ENGLAND, EDWARD-II OF²¹ CAERNARVON, KING OF ENGLAND, EDWARD I²⁰ (LONGSHANKS), KING OF ENGLAND, HENRY-III KING OF¹⁹ ENGLAND, KING-JOHN LACKLAND KING OF¹⁸, HENRY-II-KING-OF-ENGLAND¹⁷, DAUGHTER-OF-HENRY-I¹⁶ MATILDA, HENRY-1 KING OF¹⁵ ENGLAND, WILLIAM-11 KING OF¹⁴, WILLIAM-1 KING OF¹³, ROBERT-1 DUKE OF¹² NORMANDY, RICHARD-11 THE 4TH DUKE¹¹, RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) was born 06 19 1566 in Edinburgh Castle, Scotland, and died 03 27 1625 in Theobalds Park, Hertfordshire, Herts, England. He married ANNE DAUGHTER OF KING OF DENMARK, daughter of KING OF DENMARK.

Notes for JAMES-1 KING OF ENGLAND:

James I of England, and VI. of Scotland,

James was the son of Mary Queen of Scots, by Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, and was born June 19, 1566. In the following year Darnley was murdered, and Queen Mary being forced to resign the crown, James was solemnly crowned at Stirling, and all public acts ran in his name. Among the eminent scholars to whom the education of the young king was intrusted was the great historian and poet, George Buchanan. The Earl of Morton resigned the regency in 1578, but very soon had the chief power again in his hands, and retained it till the end of 1580. In 1582 the 'Raid of Ruthven' took place, and James was made captive by a party of the nobles. He regained his liberty in the following year. When it became apparent that the life of his mother was in danger he wrote to Queen Elizabeth, appealed to other courts for assistance, and assembled his nobles, who promised their support. The execution of Mary, however, took place; and though James prepared for hostilities, the inadequacy of his resources prevented him from engaging in actual war.

In 1603, on the death of Elizabeth, James succeeded to the crown of England, and proceeded to London. Although he had behaved with great lenity to the Roman Catholics in Scotland, those in England were so disappointed in their expectations of favour, that, in the year after his accession, the Gunpowder Plot was devised by some of their most desperate adherents, to destroy the King, the Prince, and the Parliament. In 1606 James established episcopacy in Scotland. In 1612, Prince Henry, his son, by Anne of Denmark, died, and the same year his daughter, the Princess Elizabeth, was married to Frederick, the Elector-Palatine. One of the greatest blots upon the character of James I. was the execution of Sir Walter Raleigh.

The close of the life of James was marked by violent contests with his parliament, the preliminary skirmishing of religious and political parties, which became civil war in the following reign. Although James I. had received a careful education, prided himself on being a patron of literature, and even wrote many works both in prose and verse, he was not merely destitute of the vigour and ability and wisdom of a great sovereign, but had neither the intellectual nor moral qualities which go to the making of a noble man. Feebleness, indolence, vulgarity in tastes and pursuits, vanity, pedantry, these are the prominent features of his character. We must not omit to mention, as one of the memorable events of this reign, the preparation of the authorized translation of the Bible. Died March 27, 1625, aged 58. There are two portraits of James I. in the National Portrait Gallery, one by Van Somer, the other probably by Zucchero. Another portrait by Van Somer is at Hampton Court.

More About JAMES-1 KING OF ENGLAND:

Burial: Westminster, Abbey, London, England

Children of JAMES-1 ENGLAND and ANNE DENMARK are:

63. PETER²⁹ CALLAMORE (MARGERY²⁸ HEXT, THOMAS²⁷, JOAN²⁶ FORTESCUE, JOHN²⁵, ELIZABETH²⁴ BEAUCHAMP, SIR-JOHN²³, SIR-JOHN²², SIR-HUMPHREY²¹ DE BEAUCHAMP, ALICE²⁰ DE MOHUN, HAWSIE¹⁹ FITZGEOFFREY, ALVELINE¹⁸ DE CLARE, SIR-ROGER¹⁷, ADELIZA¹⁶ DE KEVELIOCK, HUGH "DE KEVELIOC¹⁵ DE MESCHINES, SIR-RANULPH DE GURNON¹⁴, SIR-RANULPH¹³, SIR-RANULF¹², ALIX OF¹¹ NORMANDY, RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) was born 1545, and died 1611. He married EDITH (UNKNOWN). She was born 1547, and died 1612.

Children of PETER CALLAMORE and EDITH (UNKNOWN) are:

64. CHARLES-1 KING OF²⁹ ENGLAND (JAMES-1 KING OF²⁸, MARY-1 QUEEN OF²⁷, HENRY-V111 KING OF²⁶, HENRY-V11 TUDOR KING OF²⁵, EDMUND²⁴ TUDOR, EARL OF RICHMOND, JOHN OF²³ GAUNT, DUKE OF LANCASTER, EDWARD-III OF CAERNARVON KING OF²² ENGLAND, EDWARD-II OF²¹ CAERNARVON, KING OF ENGLAND, EDWARD I²⁰ (LONGSHANKS), KING OF ENGLAND, HENRY-III KING OF¹⁹ ENGLAND, KING-JOHN LACKLAND KING OF¹⁸, HENRY-II-KING-OF-ENGLAND¹⁷, DAUGHTER-OF-HENRY-I¹⁶ MATILDA, HENRY-1 KING OF¹⁵ ENGLAND, WILLIAM-11 KING OF¹⁴, WILLIAM-1 KING OF¹³, ROBERT-1 DUKE OF¹² NORMANDY, RICHARD-11 THE 4TH DUKE¹¹, RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) died 01 30 1648/49 in Whitehall, England. He married HENRIETTA MARIA OF FRANCE.

Notes for CHARLES-1 KING OF ENGLAND:

Charles I., king of England, was born at Dunfermline, in Scotland, in the year 1600.

He was the third son of James VI. of Scotland and I. of England, by Anne, daughter of the King of Denmark; and upon the death of Prince Henry, his elder brother, in 1612, was created Prince of Wales. A negotiation having been long carried on for the marriage of Charles with the Infanta of Spain, he went in 1623, attended by the profligate minister Buckingham, to conclude it in person. But the affair came to an end. On the death of his father, in 1625, he ascended the throne, his kingdom being engaged in war with Spain, and the people much embittered against his friend and minister, Buckingham. Immediately after his accession Charles married the Princess Henrietta Maria of France, whose character and influence undoubtedly augmented the troubles and evils of the time.

It unfortunately happened for Charles I. that he had as high a notion of the royal prerogative as either his father or Elizabeth, while he had to deal with an entirely different state of public opinion. From the very first, therefore, he found himself in sharp collision with his subjects; his aim being to rule as an absolute monarch, to hold the purse and the army, and do as he liked with them and their aim being to prevent all that. Want of supplies on his part, calling of parliaments to grant them, refusal of supplies and demand of redress of grievances and more just administration, dissolution of parliaments government without them, and all kinds of illegal and tyrannous measures, no man's life or property being secure, --such are the main elements of the conflict which filled up the years preceding the outbreak of actual war. The parliament impeached Buckingham, and the king supported him; war with France was declared, against the popular wish, because Buckingham so willed it; and while the parliament was firm in its resistance, the king was obstinate and impolitic in his enforcement and extension of his prerogative.

The third parliament, called in 1628, passed the famous Petition of Right, to which the king most reluctantly and indeed insincerely gave his ascent. After the murder of Buckingham the chief advisers and willing instruments of the king were Laud, then bishop of London, and Sir Thomas Wentworth, afterwards Earl of Strafford. Ship money was levied, and the legality of it contested by Hampden. The Star Chamber was active, unwearied in its merciless prosecutions, edicts, and atrocious sentences. In November 1640 the memorable Long Parliament met, and at once secured itself against dissolution except by its own consent. The struggle went on, and at length war was proclaimed, by the king setting up his standard at Nottingham, in August 1642. The first battle between the king's forces and the parliamentary army was at Edge-hill, in which neither party had much to boast of. For some time, however, the royalists were generally successful ; but the battles of Marston Moor, Newbury, and Naseby were all signally unfavourable to the royal cause. Indeed, after the defeat at Naseby, the king was so powerless that he took the resolution of throwing himself upon the good feeling of the Scottish army, then lying before Newark and by that army he was basely sold, and delivered into the hands of the parliament.

All attempts to treat between the king and the parliament failed, chiefly from the evident insincerity of the king. It was impossible to rely on his word. For a time he was treated with much outward respect, but he found means to make his escape from Hampton Court. On arriving on the coast, with the intention of quitting the kingdom, he could not obtain a vessel to go abroad, but crossed over to the Isle of Wight, where the governor, Hammond, confined him in Carisbrook Castle. While there, negotiations were again carried on between him and the parliament, but unsuccessfully. In December 1648 the House of Commons was 'purged' by Col. Pride, the members left forming the 'Rump.' It was then resolved by the Commons that the king should he tried as guilty of treason in making war on his parliament, and a special High Court of Justice was constituted for the occasion. The trial took place in Westminster Hall, in January 1649. The king was condemned to death, and on the 30th of January beheaded at Whitehall; his last word to bishop Juxon being a charge to him to admonish Prince Charles to forgive his father's murderers.

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Notes for HENRIETTA MARIA OF FRANCE:

Henrietta Maria, of France, Queen of England, was born at Paris in 1609.

She was the daughter of Henry IV. and Mary de Medicis, and married the Prince of Wales, afterwards Charles I., in 1625.

She was a beautiful and high-spirited woman, but her levity and her attachment to the Romish church made her very unpopular in England, and the suspicion that her influence led the King to take some of his most offensive measures made her more so. To escape impeachment she went abroad for a time, and returned with a supply of money and ammunition; but in 1644 she finally withdrew to France, only revisiting England for a short time at the restoration of her son Charles II, and dying at the convent of Chaillot in 1669. Her funeral oration was pronounced by Bossuet. Her 'Correspondence' with Charles I. has been published.

Children of CHARLES-1 ENGLAND and HENRIETTA FRANCE are:

65. ELIZABETH²⁹ STUART (JAMES-1 KING OF²⁸ ENGLAND, MARY-1 QUEEN OF²⁷, HENRY-V111 KING OF²⁶, HENRY-V11 TUDOR KING OF²⁵, EDMUND²⁴ TUDOR, EARL OF RICHMOND, JOHN OF²³ GAUNT, DUKE OF LANCASTER, EDWARD-III OF CAERNARVON KING OF²² ENGLAND, EDWARD-II OF²¹ CAERNARVON, KING OF ENGLAND, EDWARD I²⁰ (LONGSHANKS), KING OF ENGLAND, HENRY-III KING OF¹⁹ ENGLAND, KING-JOHN LACKLAND KING OF¹⁸, HENRY-II-KING-OF-ENGLAND¹⁷, DAUGHTER-OF-HENRY-I¹⁶ MATILDA, HENRY-1 KING OF¹⁵ ENGLAND, WILLIAM-11 KING OF¹⁴, WILLIAM-1 KING OF¹³, ROBERT-1 DUKE OF¹² NORMANDY, RICHARD-11 THE 4TH DUKE¹¹, RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) was born 08 19 1596 in Dunfermline, and died 02 13 1661/62 in Leicester House, London, England. She married FREDERICK V OF PALATINATE, KING OF BOHEMIA 02 14 1612/13 in Whitehall, England. He was born 1596, and died 1632.

Children of ELIZABETH STUART and FREDERICK PALATINATE are:

66. THOMAS³⁰ CALLAMORE (PETER²⁹, MARGERY²⁸ HEXT, THOMAS²⁷, JOAN²⁶ FORTESCUE, JOHN²⁵, ELIZABETH²⁴ BEAUCHAMP, SIR-JOHN²³, SIR-JOHN²², SIR-HUMPHREY²¹ DE BEAUCHAMP, ALICE²⁰ DE MOHUN, HAWSIE¹⁹ FITZGEOFFREY, ALVELINE¹⁸ DE CLARE, SIR-ROGER¹⁷, ADELIZA¹⁶ DE KEVELIOCK, HUGH "DE KEVELIOC¹⁵ DE MESCHINES, SIR-RANULPH DE GURNON¹⁴, SIR-RANULPH¹³, SIR-RANULF¹², ALIX OF¹¹ NORMANDY, RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) was born 09 20 1570 in Northam, Devonshire, England. He married (1) EDITH UNKNOWN WIFE OF THOMAS CALLAMORE. She was born 01 17 1606/07. He married (2) AGNES ADAMS 01 11 1607/08 in England. She was born 09 22 1580, and died 1643.

Children of THOMAS CALLAMORE and EDITH CALLAMORE are:

Children of THOMAS CALLAMORE and AGNES ADAMS are:

67. JAMES-11 KING OF³⁰ ENGLAND (CHARLES-1 KING OF²⁹, JAMES-1 KING OF²⁸, MARY-1 QUEEN OF²⁷, HENRY-V111 KING OF²⁶, HENRY-V11 TUDOR KING OF²⁵, EDMUND²⁴ TUDOR, EARL OF RICHMOND, JOHN OF²³ GAUNT, DUKE OF LANCASTER, EDWARD-III OF CAERNARVON KING OF²² ENGLAND, EDWARD-II OF²¹ CAERNARVON, KING OF ENGLAND, EDWARD I²⁰ (LONGSHANKS), KING OF ENGLAND, HENRY-III KING OF¹⁹ ENGLAND, KING-JOHN LACKLAND KING OF¹⁸, HENRY-II-KING-OF-ENGLAND¹⁷, DAUGHTER-OF-HENRY-I¹⁶ MATILDA, HENRY-1 KING OF¹⁵ ENGLAND, WILLIAM-11 KING OF¹⁴, WILLIAM-1 KING OF¹³, ROBERT-1 DUKE OF¹² NORMANDY, RICHARD-11 THE 4TH DUKE¹¹, RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) was born 10 15 1633, and died 1685. He married ANNE HYDE, daughter of EARL OF CLARENDON.

Notes for JAMES-11 KING OF ENGLAND:

James II., King of England, second son of Charles I. and Henrietta Maria of France, was born October 15, 1633, and immediately created Duke of York. After the capture of Oxford by the parliamentary army, he escaped, and was conducted to his sister, the Princess of Orange. At that time he was 15 years of age. He soon after joined his mother at Paris, and, when he had reached his 20th year, served in the French army under Turenne, and subsequently entered the Spanish army in Flanders, under Don John of Austria and the Prince of Condé. At the Restoration he returned to England, and married secretly Anne Hyde, daughter of the Earl of Clarendon, by whom he had two daughters, who afterwards became queens of England, viz. Mary and Anne. In the Dutch war, he signalized himself as commander of the English fleet, and showed great skill and bravery.

On the death of Charles II., in 1685, the Duke succeeded, under the title of James II., and, from the time of his ascending the throne, seems to have acted with a steady determination to render himself absolute, and to restore the Roman Catholic religion. After disgusting the great majority of his subjects, by attending mass with all the ensigns of royalty, he proceeded to levy the customs and excise without the authority of parliament. He even sent an agent to Rome, to pave the way for a solemn re-admission of England into the Catholic church, and received advice on the score of moderation from the Pope himself.

A few months after his accession, severe laws having been passed against the Covenanters, against whom Graham of Claverhouse was sent, the invasion of Scotland took place under the Earl of Argyle, and the invasion of England under the Duke of Monmouth, both of which failed, and cost the lives of the leaders. By virtue of his assumed dispensing power, James rendered tests of no avail, and filled his army and council with Roman Catholics; while by a Declaration in favour of liberty of conscience, he also sought to gain the favour of the dissenters, who were, however too conscious of his ultimate object to be deluded by this show of liberality. The resistance to this illegal declaration led to the trial of the Seven Bishops, Archbishop Sancroft being one of them, and their acquittal was an occasion of great popular rejoicing. Thus the king proceeded by every direct and indirect attack to overthrow the established constitution; but these innovations, in regard both to the religion and government, gradually united opposing interests, and a large body of the nobility and gentry concurred in an invitation to the prince of Orange, who had been secretly preparing a fleet and an army for the invasion of the country.

James, who was long kept in ignorance of these transactions, when informed of them by his minister at the Hague, was struck with terror and, immediately repealing all his obnoxious acts, he practised every method to gain popularity. All confidence was, however destroyed between the king and the people. William arrived with his fleet at Torbay Nov. 4, 1688; and being speedily joined by several men of high rank, his adherents multiplied while the army of James began to desert by entire regiments. Incapable of any vigorous resolution and finding his overtures of accommodation disregarded, James resolved to quit the country. He repaired to St. Germains, where be was received with great kindness and hospitality by Louis XIV. In the meantime the throne of Great Britain was declared to be abdicated; and William and his consort Mary (the daughter of James) were unanimously called to fill it conjointly. Assisted by Louis XIV., James was enabled, in March, 1689, to make an attempt for the recovery of Ireland. The battle of the Boyne, fought July, 1690, compelled him to return to France. All succeeding projects for his restoration proved equally abortive and he spent the last years of his life in acts of ascetic devotion, dying at St. Germains, Sept 16, 1701, aged 68. A portrait of James II., as Duke of York, by Wissing, is in the collection at Hampton Court.

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Notes for ANNE HYDE:

Anne Hyde, daughter of the Earl of Clarendon, by whom he had two daughters, who afterwards became queens of England, viz. Mary and Anne. In the Dutch war, he signalized himself as commander of the English fleet, and showed great skill and bravery.

Children of JAMES-11 ENGLAND and ANNE HYDE are:

68. SOPHIE PALATINATE³⁰ HANOVER (ELIZABETH²⁹ STUART, JAMES-1 KING OF²⁸ ENGLAND, MARY-1 QUEEN OF²⁷, HENRY-V111 KING OF²⁶, HENRY-V11 TUDOR KING OF²⁵, EDMUND²⁴ TUDOR, EARL OF RICHMOND, JOHN OF²³ GAUNT, DUKE OF LANCASTER, EDWARD-III OF CAERNARVON KING OF²² ENGLAND, EDWARD-II OF²¹ CAERNARVON, KING OF ENGLAND, EDWARD I²⁰ (LONGSHANKS), KING OF ENGLAND, HENRY-III KING OF¹⁹ ENGLAND, KING-JOHN LACKLAND KING OF¹⁸, HENRY-II-KING-OF-ENGLAND¹⁷, DAUGHTER-OF-HENRY-I¹⁶ MATILDA, HENRY-1 KING OF¹⁵ ENGLAND, WILLIAM-11 KING OF¹⁴, WILLIAM-1 KING OF¹³, ROBERT-1 DUKE OF¹² NORMANDY, RICHARD-11 THE 4TH DUKE¹¹, RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) was born 1630, and died 1714. She married DUKE ERNEST AUGUSTUS OF BRUNSWICK. He was born 1629, and died 1698.

Children of SOPHIE HANOVER and DUKE BRUNSWICK are:

Generation

1-18

19-25

26-30

31-38

39-41

42

43

44