28. LADY HAWSIE¹⁹ FITZGEOFFREY (ALVELINE¹⁸ DE CLARE, SIR-ROGER¹⁷, ADELIZA¹⁶ DE KEVELIOCK, HUGH "DE KEVELIOC¹⁵ DE MESCHINES, SIR-RANULPH DE GURNON¹⁴, SIR-RANULPH¹³, SIR-RANULF¹², ALIX OF¹¹ NORMANDY, RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) She married REYNOLD DE MOHUN. He was born 1206, and died 01 20 1257/58.

Child of HAWSIE FITZGEOFFREY and REYNOLD DE MOHUN is:

29. HENRY-III KING OF¹⁹ ENGLAND (KING-JOHN LACKLAND KING OF¹⁸, HENRY-II-KING-OF-ENGLAND¹⁷, DAUGHTER-OF-HENRY-I¹⁶ MATILDA, HENRY-1 KING OF¹⁵ ENGLAND, WILLIAM-11 KING OF¹⁴, WILLIAM-1 KING OF¹³, ROBERT-1 DUKE OF¹² NORMANDY, RICHARD-11 THE 4TH DUKE¹¹, RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) was born 10 1 1207 in Winchester Castle, Hampshire, England, and died 11 16 1272 in Westminster Palace, London, England. He married ELEANOR OF PROVENCE BERENGER.

Child of HENRY-III ENGLAND and ELEANOR BERENGER is:

30. KING OF ENGLAND¹⁹ HENRY-III (KING-JOHN LACKLAND KING OF¹⁸ ENGLAND, HENRY-II-KING-OF-ENGLAND¹⁷, DAUGHTER-OF-HENRY-I¹⁶ MATILDA, HENRY-1 KING OF¹⁵ ENGLAND, WILLIAM-11 KING OF¹⁴, WILLIAM-1 KING OF¹³, ROBERT-1 DUKE OF¹² NORMANDY, RICHARD-11 THE 4TH DUKE¹¹, RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) was born 10 1 1207 in Winchester Castle, Hampshire, England, and died 11 16 1272 in Westminster Palace, London, England. He married ELEANOR OF PROVENCE 01 14 1235/36. She was born 1223, and died 06 25 1291 in Amesbury, Wiltshire, England.

Notes for KING OF ENGLAND HENRY-III:

Henry III, (King of England (1216-1272))

[32]

1 OCT 1207 - 16 NOV 1272

TITLE: King of England (1216-1272)

BIRTH: 1 OCT 1207, Winchester Castle, Hampshire, England

DEATH: 16 NOV 1272, Westminster Palace, London, England

BURIAL: 1272, Westminster Abbey, London, England

Father: John LACKLAND

Mother: Isabella of Angoulême

Family 1 : Eleanor of Provence

MARRIAGE: 14 JAN 1236

+Edward I, Longshanks,

Margaret,

Beatrice,

Edmund Crouchback,

More About KING OF ENGLAND HENRY-III:

Burial: 1272, Westminster Abbey, London, England

Notes for ELEANOR OF PROVENCE:

Eleanor of Provence

[48]

1223 - 25 JUN 1291

BIRTH: 1223

DEATH: 25 JUN 1291, Amesbury, Wiltshire, England

Father: Ramon Berenguer IV,

Mother: Beatrice

Family 1 : Henry III,

MARRIAGE: 14 JAN 1236

+Edward I, Longshanks,

Margaret,

Beatrice,

Edmund Crouchback,

Child of KING HENRY-III and ELEANOR PROVENCE is:

31. LADY ALICE²⁰ DE MOHUN (HAWSIE¹⁹ FITZGEOFFREY, ALVELINE¹⁸ DE CLARE, SIR-ROGER¹⁷, ADELIZA¹⁶ DE KEVELIOCK, HUGH "DE KEVELIOC¹⁵ DE MESCHINES, SIR-RANULPH DE GURNON¹⁴, SIR-RANULPH¹³, SIR-RANULF¹², ALIX OF¹¹ NORMANDY, RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) She married SIR-ROBERT DE BEAUCHAMP. He was born 1224.

Children of ALICE DE MOHUN and SIR-ROBERT DE BEAUCHAMP are:

32. EDWARD I²⁰ (LONGSHANKS), KING OF ENGLAND (HENRY-III KING OF¹⁹ ENGLAND, KING-JOHN LACKLAND KING OF¹⁸, HENRY-II-KING-OF-ENGLAND¹⁷, DAUGHTER-OF-HENRY-I¹⁶ MATILDA, HENRY-1 KING OF¹⁵ ENGLAND, WILLIAM-11 KING OF¹⁴, WILLIAM-1 KING OF¹³, ROBERT-1 DUKE OF¹² NORMANDY, RICHARD-11 THE 4TH DUKE¹¹, RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) was born 06 17 1239 in Westminster Palace, London, England, and died 07 7 1307 in Burgh-on-the-Sands, Near Carlisle. He married ELEANOR OF CASTILE, CTS DE PONTHIEU 10 18 1254 in Abbey of Las Huelgas, Burgos, Castile.

Child of EDWARD (LONGSHANKS) and ELEANOR CASTILE is:

33. EDWARD²⁰I, LONGSHANKS, KING OF ENGLAND 1272-1300 (KING OF ENGLAND¹⁹ HENRY-III, KING-JOHN LACKLAND KING OF¹⁸ ENGLAND, HENRY-II-KING-OF-ENGLAND¹⁷, DAUGHTER-OF-HENRY-I¹⁶ MATILDA, HENRY-1 KING OF¹⁵ ENGLAND, WILLIAM-11 KING OF¹⁴, WILLIAM-1 KING OF¹³, ROBERT-1 DUKE OF¹² NORMANDY, RICHARD-11 THE 4TH DUKE¹¹, RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) was born 06 17 1239 in Westminster Palace, London, England, and died 07 7 1307 in Burgh-on-the-Sands, near Carlisle, Cumberland, England. He married ELEANOR OF CASTILLE 10 1254 in Las Huelgas, Burgos, Spain. She was born 1246 in Herdeby, Lincolnshire, England, and died 11 28 1290.

Notes for EDWARDI, LONGSHANKS, KING OF ENGLAND 1272-130:

Edward I, Longshanks, (King of England (1272-1307))

[33]

17 JUN 1239 - 7 JUL 1307

TITLE: King of England (1272-1307)

BIRTH: 17 JUN 1239, Westminster Palace, London, England

DEATH: 7 JUL 1307, Burgh-on-the-Sands, near Carlisle, Cumberland, England

BURIAL: 1307, Westminster Abbey, London, England

Father: Henry III,

Mother: Eleanor of Provence

Family 1 : Eleanor of Castille

MARRIAGE: OCT 1254, Las Huelgas, Burgos, Spain

Edward II of Caernarvon,

Alfonso,

+Elizabeth PLANTAGENET

More About EDWARDI, LONGSHANKS, KING OF ENGLAND 1272-130:

Burial: 1307, Westminster Abbey, London, England

Notes for ELEANOR OF CASTILLE:

Eleanor of Castille

[51]

1246 - 28 NOV 1290

BIRTH: 1246

DEATH: 28 NOV 1290, Herdeby, Lincolnshire, England

BURIAL: Westminster Abbey, London, England

EVENT: Leonor

AKA:

Father: Fernando or Ferdinand III,

Mother: Joan of Ponthieu

Family 1 : Edward I, Longshanks,

MARRIAGE: OCT 1254, Las Huelgas, Burgos, Spain

Edward II of Caernarvon,

Alfonso,

+Elizabeth PLANTAGENET

More About ELEANOR OF CASTILLE:

Burial: Westminster Abbey, London, England

Child of EDWARD and ELEANOR CASTILLE is:

34. SIR-HUMPHREY²¹ DE BEAUCHAMP (ALICE²⁰ DE MOHUN, HAWSIE¹⁹ FITZGEOFFREY, ALVELINE¹⁸ DE CLARE, SIR-ROGER¹⁷, ADELIZA¹⁶ DE KEVELIOCK, HUGH "DE KEVELIOC¹⁵ DE MESCHINES, SIR-RANULPH DE GURNON¹⁴, SIR-RANULPH¹³, SIR-RANULF¹², ALIX OF¹¹ NORMANDY, RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) was born 1260. He married SIBYL OLIVER.

35. EDWARD-II OF²¹ CAERNARVON, KING OF ENGLAND (EDWARD I²⁰ (LONGSHANKS), KING OF ENGLAND, HENRY-III KING OF¹⁹ ENGLAND, KING-JOHN LACKLAND KING OF¹⁸, HENRY-II-KING-OF-ENGLAND¹⁷, DAUGHTER-OF-HENRY-I¹⁶ MATILDA, HENRY-1 KING OF¹⁵ ENGLAND, WILLIAM-11 KING OF¹⁴, WILLIAM-1 KING OF¹³, ROBERT-1 DUKE OF¹² NORMANDY, RICHARD-11 THE 4TH DUKE¹¹, RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) was born 04 25 1284 in Caernarvon Castle, Wales, and died 09 21 1327 in Berkeley Castle,Gloucestershire. He married (1) ISABELLA OF FRANCE. She was born 01 25 1307/08 in Boulogne Cathedral, France. He married (2) ISABELLA OF FRANCE 1308, daughter of PHILLIP IV "THE FAIR", KING OF FRANCE. She was born 1296 in France, and died 08 22 1358 in Hertford Castle.

Notes for EDWARD-II OF CAERNARVON, KING OF ENGLAND:

Edward II of Caernarvon, (King of England (1307-1327))

[34]

25 APR 1284 - 21 SEP 1327

TITLE: King of England (1307-1327)

BIRTH: 25 APR 1284, Caernarvon Castle, Caernarvonshire, Wales

DEATH: 21 SEP 1327, Berkeley Castle, Gloucestershire, England

BURIAL: 1327, Gloucester Cathedral, Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England

Father: Edward I, Longshanks,

Mother: Eleanor of Castille

EDWARD II

b. 25 Apr 1284, Caernarvon, Caernarvonshire, Wales

d. 21(?) Sep, 1327, Berkeley, Gloucestershire, England

Title: By the Grace of God, King of England, Lord of Ireland and Duke of Aquitaine

Reign: 8 Jul 1307 - 20 Jan 1327

Chronology: 7 Jul 1307, succeeded his father, Edward I (regnal years counted from 8 Jul 1307)

Late 1307(?) - early 1308, absent from England (Guardian of the Kingdom: Piers Gaveston Earl of Cornwall)

25 Feb 1308, crowned, Westminster Abbey

26 Oct - 20 Nov 1326, presumed "disappeared" by rebellious barons (Guardian of the Kingdom: Prince Edward Duke of Aquitaine)

16 Nov 1326, captivated by rebellious barons

20 Jan 1327, king's renunciation of the throne received at Kenilworth, Warwickshire

Other names/titles: Prince of Wales, Earl of Chester (1 Feb 1301 - 8 Jul 1307)

Edward of Caernarvon was the fourth son of King Edward I. He succeeded to the throne upon his father's death in 1307. One of the king's favorites, a Gascon, Piers Gaveston, was regent of the kingdom during the king's absence in France.

Edward had few of the qualities that made a successful medieval king. Edward surrounded himself with favorites, and the barons, feeling excluded from power, rebelled.

Throughout his reign, different baronial groups struggled to gain power and control the King. The nobles' ordinances of 1311, which attempted to limit royal control of finance and appointments, were counteracted by Edward. Large debts and the Scots' victory at Bannockburn by Robert the Bruce in 1314 made Edward more unpopular.

Finally, in September 1326, Edward's wife, Isabella of France, and Roger Mortimer Baron of Wigmore led an invasion against the King.

Edward escaped to Wales and a council of barons at Bristol declared the king's son, Prince Edward (future Edward III) Guardian of the Realm (custos regni) on 26 Oct 1326.

Finally, the Earl of Lancaster captured Edward II at Neath Abbey and detained him at Kenilworth.

On 20 Jan 1327, a committee of bishops, barons, and judges in the name of Parliament received the king's forced renunciation of the throne at Kenilworth, Warwickshire. Imprisoned at Berkeley Castle Edward II died in September 1327, probably by violence.

Source: text: "Handbook of British Chronology", 3rd ed., 1986; image: Edward II by J. Faber at the British Monarchy official web site © Royal Collection.

Edward II - King of England

Do you remember the prince in the film Braveheart who was gay? Well, he went on to become Edward II of England. He was born in 1284 in Caernarfon, Wales, son of Edward I, otherwise known as Edward Longshanks, and Eleanor of Castille. As Edward Longshanks had murdered the last Welsh Prince of Wales, Llywelyn ap Gruffydd, the baby Edward was made the new Prince of Wales. He was also the Earl of Hereford and Duke of Lancaster.

Now, Edward Longshanks was a bit of a nasty man, even by English Royalty standards, and this might have had something to do with the way his son turned out. Edward I was tough and warrior-like, while Edward II was the complete opposite. Edward II was betrothed at a very early age to the six-year-old heiress to the Scottish throne, but she died in a shipwreck on the way to the wedding. Having failed to unite England and Scotland through marriage, Edward I did it by force: which is where the story of Braveheart really starts.

Eventually Edward II was married at the age of 24 to Isabella of France, but even on his wedding night he preferred to sleep on the couch of his homosexual favourite, Piers Gaveston. Gaveston was exiled and eventually murdered - there's no proof that Longshanks ever threw him out of the window as portrayed in the film - and Isabella went on to bear two sons and two daughters. Again there is no historical proof that she ever met William Wallace, let alone slept with him.

Edward II was a very weak king who tended to rule by resorting to executing anyone who tried to stand against him. He wasted a lot of money on his homosexual lovers and was very unpopular. As a soldier, he failed to stop Robert The Bruce from regaining power in Scotland and was defeated at the battle of Bannockburn in 1314, ensuring Scottish independence until the Act of Union in 1707.

In 1324, war broke out with France1, and Isabella and their child Edward2 were sent to France to negotiate peace with her brother, the King. Instead, she met up with Roger Mortimer, one of Edward's expelled Barons, and they began an open affair. Isabella and Roger managed to raise an army and invaded England in 1326, capturing and imprisoning Edward in Bristol Castle.

The people of Bristol wouldn't put up with Edward, so he was moved to Berkeley Castle3, a small castle in Gloucestershire, England, under cover of darkness in April 1327.

Many attempts were made to kill him without violence. At Berkeley he was thrown into a waste pit and forced to eat rotten food and drink foul water. Dead animals were even thrown into the pit, but he still did not die.

In September 1327, a Knight named Gurney joined Lord Maltravers as gaoler. They inserted a straight cow horn with the point removed into Edward's anus, then a red hot iron was pushed through the cow horn and into the body, burning out his entrails. This killed him while leaving no marks on his body, making it appear as if he had died of natural causes. The crime might have gone unnoticed if they had not murdered him in an outbuilding: as it was, his screams could be heard all over the village. When the crime was investigated, Thomas Berkeley produced an alibi that he was ill and staying five miles away at Wotton Under Edge. He was acquitted. In the 1600s, a historian found papers revealing that Thomas Berkeley did not attend Bradley Court, Wotton Under Edge until a week after Edward's murder. No one was ever found guilty, mainly due to Thomas Berkeley concealing Gurney and exiling him to Beverston.

Sir Richard Baker wrote about Edward I in A Chronicle to the Kings of England:

'His great unfortunateness was in his greatest blessing: for of four sons which he had by his Queen Eleanor, three of them died in his own lifetime, who were worthy to have outlived him; and the fourth outlived him, who was worthy never to have been born.'

In his dying moments, Edward II probably wished he had never been born too.

More About EDWARD-II OF CAERNARVON, KING OF ENGLAND:

Burial: 1327, Gloucester Cathedral, Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England

Notes for ISABELLA OF FRANCE:

Edward married Isabella 'The Fair', of France, daughter of Phillip IV "The Fair", King of France, in 1308. (Isabella 'The Fair', of France was born in 1296 in France and died on 22 Aug 1358 in Hertford Castle.)

Child of EDWARD-II CAERNARVON and ISABELLA FRANCE is:

36. ELIZABETH²¹ PLANTAGENET (EDWARD²⁰I, LONGSHANKS, KING OF ENGLAND 1272-130, KING OF ENGLAND¹⁹ HENRY-III, KING-JOHN LACKLAND KING OF¹⁸ ENGLAND, HENRY-II-KING-OF-ENGLAND¹⁷, DAUGHTER-OF-HENRY-I¹⁶ MATILDA, HENRY-1 KING OF¹⁵ ENGLAND, WILLIAM-11 KING OF¹⁴, WILLIAM-1 KING OF¹³, ROBERT-1 DUKE OF¹² NORMANDY, RICHARD-11 THE 4TH DUKE¹¹, RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) She married HUMPHREY DE BOHUN.

Child of ELIZABETH PLANTAGENET and HUMPHREY DE BOHUN is:

37. SIR-JOHN²² BEAUCHAMP (SIR-HUMPHREY²¹ DE BEAUCHAMP, ALICE²⁰ DE MOHUN, HAWSIE¹⁹ FITZGEOFFREY, ALVELINE¹⁸ DE CLARE, SIR-ROGER¹⁷, ADELIZA¹⁶ DE KEVELIOCK, HUGH "DE KEVELIOC¹⁵ DE MESCHINES, SIR-RANULPH DE GURNON¹⁴, SIR-RANULPH¹³, SIR-RANULF¹², ALIX OF¹¹ NORMANDY, RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) was born 1265, and died Abt. 1346. He married ALICE DE NONANT.

38. EDWARD-III OF CAERNARVON KING OF²² ENGLAND (EDWARD-II OF²¹ CAERNARVON, KING OF ENGLAND, EDWARD I²⁰ (LONGSHANKS), KING OF ENGLAND, HENRY-III KING OF¹⁹ ENGLAND, KING-JOHN LACKLAND KING OF¹⁸, HENRY-II-KING-OF-ENGLAND¹⁷, DAUGHTER-OF-HENRY-I¹⁶ MATILDA, HENRY-1 KING OF¹⁵ ENGLAND, WILLIAM-11 KING OF¹⁴, WILLIAM-1 KING OF¹³, ROBERT-1 DUKE OF¹² NORMANDY, RICHARD-11 THE 4TH DUKE¹¹, RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) was born 11 13 1312 in Windsor Castle, England, and died 06 21 1377 in Sheen Palace, Richmond, Surrey England. He married (1) COUNTESS OF HAINAUT PHILIPPA 01 24 1327/28 in York Minster, York, Yorkshire, England, daughter of WILLIAM (GUILLAUME) and DAUGHTER JEANNE. She was born 06 24 1311 in Mons, Hainaut, Belgium, and died 08 15 1369 in Windsor Castle, Windsor, Berkshire, England. He married (2) PHILIPPA OF HAINAULT 01 24 1327/28.

Notes for EDWARD-III OF CAERNARVON KING OF ENGLAND:

Notes: King Edward III succeeded his father on January 24, 1326/1327. He was crowned at Westminster Abbey on Jan. 29, 1326/1327.

King Edward III and Philippa were buried at Westminster Abbe, Westminster, Middlesex, England

King Edward III of England Generation Number 1

Edward III, King of England, Lord of Ireland, Duke of Aquitaine, Earl of Chester was born Nov. 13, 1312 at Windsor Castle, Berks Co., England and died June 21, 1377 at Sheen Palace, Richmond, Surrey England.

He married Philippa, Countess of Hainaut Jan. 24, 1327/1328 in York Minster, York, Yorkshire, England, born June 24, 1311 Mons, Hainaut, Belgium and died Aug. 15, 1369 at Windsor Castle, Windsor, Berkshire, England; daughter of William III (Guillaume), Count d'Hainaut Le Bon Holland and Jeanne, daughter of Charles of France, Count of Valois.

Children of King Edward III and Philippa de Hainaut are:

Edmund of Langley, Duke of York b. June 5, 1341 in Kings Langley, Hertsfordshire, England, d. Aug. 1, 1402 in Kings Langley, Hertsfordshire, England; m. (1) Isabella of Castile Mar. 1, 1372 in Hertsfordshire, England, m. (2) Joan Holland Bef. Nov. 4, 1393

Edward, Prince of Wales

Lionel, Duke of Clarence d. Abt. 1368

John "Of Gaunt", Prince of England, Duke of Lancaster b. Mar. 1340, Abbaye de St Bavon, Ghent, Flandre-Orientale, Belgium, d. Feb. 3, 1398/1399, Leicester Castle, Leicester, Leicestershire, England; m. (1) Marie de Saint Hilarie, m. (2) Blanche Plantagenet, Duchess of Lancaster May 19, 1359, Queen's Chapel, Reading, Berkshire, England, m. (3) Catherine de Roet, Duchess of Lancaster Jan. 13, 1396/1397, Lincoln, Lincolnshire, England, m. (4) Constanza Perez, Princess of Castile and Leon, Duchess of Lancaster Sept. 1371, Rochefort-sur-Mer, Charente-Maritime, France

Thomas, Prince of England, Duke of Glouchester b. Jan. 7, 1354 Palace, Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England, d. Sept. 9, 1397, Calais, Pas-De-Calais, France; m. Alianor de Bohun Bef. Aug. 24, 1376

Descendants of Edward the Third King of England

EDWARD THE THIRD, b. 13 Nov. 1312, succeeded his father in 1327. He m. in 1327, Philippa, 4th dau. of William, Count of Holland and Hainault, by Jane, his wife, dau. of Charles of Valois, son of Philip the Hardy, son of St. Louis. By this lady (who d. 15 Aug. 1369) King Edward had issue,

i. Edward surnamed the Black Prince, from the colour of his armour; 6, 15 June, 1330 This gallant soldier, the immortal hero of CRECY and Poictiers m. in 1361, his cousin, JOAN, commonly called the " Fair Maid of Kent," dau. and heiress of his great-uncle, the Earl of Kent, (see EDWARD 1. The lady had been m. previously to Sir Thomas Holland, K.G., and to the Earl of Salisbury,) by whom he had an only surviving son, Richard, afterwards 2nd of his name. The Black Prince d. in the lifetime of his father, 8 July, 1376.

ii. WILLIAM, of Hatfield, 6. in 1336, who d. young.

iii. LIONEL. of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence.

iv. JOHN of GAUNT, Duke of Lancaster, Earl of Richmond, &c.;

v. EDMUND, Earl of Cambridge, and Duke of York.

vi. THOMAS of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester, constable of England.

I. Joan, m. to Gilbert, Lord Talbot; but d. s. p.

II. Isabel, m. Ingelram de Courcy, Earl of Bedford, and had two daus., Mary, m. to Robert de Barr, and Philippa, m. to Robert de Vere, Earl of Oxford and Duke of Ireland.

III. Joan, contracted in marriage to ALFHONZO, King of Castile, but died of the plague before the solemnization, in 1348.

IV. Blanch, d. an infant.

V. Mary. m. to John Montfort, Duke of Brittany, s.p.

VI. Margaret, m. to John Hastings. Earl of Pembroke; and d. s. p.

KING EDWARD 111. died. at Shene, 21 June, 1377.

Edward III.,

king of England, eldest son of Edward II. and Isabella of France, was born at Windsor in 1312, and succeeded to the throne, on the deposition of his father, in 1327.

Although a regency was appointed, the chief power was held by the queen and her paramour, Roger Mortimer, Earl of March. In 1328 Edward was married to Philippa, daughter of William III., Count of Holland and Hainault, and two years later he assumed the government.

He had Mortimer seized and hanged, and imprisoned Queen Isabella.

In 1333 Edward invaded Scotland, which had been nominally subjected to England by Edward Baliol; besieged Berwick, and defeated the regent at Halidon Hill. The greater war with France soon withdrew his attention from Scotland. He assumed the title of king of France, invaded the country from Flanders, but without any successful result, renewed the invasion in 1340, when he defeated the French fleet at Sluys, besieged Tournay, and concluded a truce. The war was renewed and another truce made in 1348, to be broken the following year.

In 1346 he won the great victory of Crecy, took Calais in 1347, and concluded another truce. During Edward's absence in France the Scots invaded England, and were defeated at Nevil's Cross, David II. being taken prisoner. Edward aimed at the acquisition of Flanders, hoped to get his son Edward, the Black Prince, made Earl of Flanders by the aid of Philip van Arteveldt and the free towns; but Philip was murdered in an insurrection at Ghent. In 1356 Edward, the Black Prince, invaded France, and gained the victory of Poitiers, taking the French king and his son prisoners. The king was released after four years on the conclusion of the peace of Bretigny. David of Scotland was released for a heavy ransom in 1357. War broke out again with France in 1369, and in 1378 John of Gaunt marched without resistance from Calais to Bordeaux. The long wars of Edward III., though almost fruitless of practical result, appear to have been popular; and his numerous parliaments granted liberal supplies for carrying them on, gaining in return confirmations of the Great and other charters, and many valuable concessions. His victories raised the spirit and also the fame of his country, and with the evident military power of England grew also her commerce and manufactures. In this reign Wickliffe began his assault on the church of Rome; the order of the Garter was instituted, and the Round Tower at Windsor was hastily built by command of the king, to receive the round table for the new knights (1344): cannon began to be used in war; and the first English gold coin was struck. Edward died at Shene, now Richmond, June 21, 1377. By his queen Philippa, he had six sons and five daughters. [See Perrers, Alice.]

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Reigned 1327-1377. Edward assumed effective power in 1330 after imprisoning

his mother and executing her lover Roger de Mortimer who had murdered his

father; therafter his reign was dominated by military adventures. His victory

in Scotland, especially at Haildon Hill 1333 encouraged him to plan (1363) the

union of England and Scotland. Through his mother he claimed the French throne

thus starting (1337) the Hundred years war. His son John of Gaunt dominated

the government during his last years. Died of a Stroke.

More About EDWARD-III OF CAERNARVON KING OF ENGLAND:

Burial: Westminster Abbe, Westminster, Middlesex, England

Notes for COUNTESS OF HAINAUT PHILIPPA:

He m. in 1327, Philippa, 4th dau. of William, Count of Holland and Hainault

More About COUNTESS OF HAINAUT PHILIPPA:

Burial: Westminster Abbe, Westminster, Middlesex, England

Children of EDWARD-III ENGLAND and COUNTESS PHILIPPA are:

Children of EDWARD-III ENGLAND and PHILIPPA HAINAULT are:

39. SIR-JOHN²³ BEAUCHAMP (SIR-JOHN²², SIR-HUMPHREY²¹ DE BEAUCHAMP, ALICE²⁰ DE MOHUN, HAWSIE¹⁹ FITZGEOFFREY, ALVELINE¹⁸ DE CLARE, SIR-ROGER¹⁷, ADELIZA¹⁶ DE KEVELIOCK, HUGH "DE KEVELIOC¹⁵ DE MESCHINES, SIR-RANULPH DE GURNON¹⁴, SIR-RANULPH¹³, SIR-RANULF¹², ALIX OF¹¹ NORMANDY, RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) He married WALESBURGH MARGARET.

Notes for SIR-JOHN BEAUCHAMP:

Sir John Beauchamp, Knight and heir, born about 1315, died 8 April 1349, Lord of Ryme, Dorsetshire and of Oburnford, Oulescombe, Teignhervy and Buckerell, Devonshire.

He married first about 1340 Margaret Whalesburgh, daughter of John Whalesburgh. She married secondly by 23 October 1353 Richard de Branscombe, Sheriff of Devonshire in 1358, 1366 and 1374. The arms of the Whalesburghs were Argent, three bendlets, gules, a bordure sable charged with 8 besants.

40. EDWARD PRINCE OF²³ WALES (EDWARD-III OF CAERNARVON KING OF²² ENGLAND, EDWARD-II OF²¹ CAERNARVON, KING OF ENGLAND, EDWARD I²⁰ (LONGSHANKS), KING OF ENGLAND, HENRY-III KING OF¹⁹ ENGLAND, KING-JOHN LACKLAND KING OF¹⁸, HENRY-II-KING-OF-ENGLAND¹⁷, DAUGHTER-OF-HENRY-I¹⁶ MATILDA, HENRY-1 KING OF¹⁵ ENGLAND, WILLIAM-11 KING OF¹⁴, WILLIAM-1 KING OF¹³, ROBERT-1 DUKE OF¹² NORMANDY, RICHARD-11 THE 4TH DUKE¹¹, RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) was born 06 15 1330 in Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England, and died 06 8 1376 in Westminster, Palace, London, England. He married JOAN FAIR MAID OF KENT 10 10 1361 in Windsor, England, daughter of EARL OF KENT. She was born 09 29 1328, and died 08 8 1385 in Wallingford, Castle, Berkshire, England.

Notes for EDWARD PRINCE OF WALES:

Edward, Son of Edward the III

Prince of Wales, surnamed the Black Prince,

Son of Edward III., was born in 1330; and accompanying his father to France in 1346, took a leading part in gaining the victory of Crecy.

During his stay in France he performed many other acts of heroism, till at length, in 1356, he won the great battle of Poitiers, when he took King John and his son prisoners, and distinguished himself as much by his courtesy to his captives as he had in the field by his unrivalled valour.

In 1361 he married Joan, called the Fair Maid of Kent, daughter of the Earl of Kent, and widow, first, of Sir Thomas Holland, and then of the Earl of Salisbury, and was soon after created by his father Prince of Aquitaine.

Bordeaux then became the seat of his government.

In 1367 he went to the assistance of Pedro the Cruel, king of Castile, who had been dethroned by his brother, Henry of Trastamare. The latter was defeated, and Pedro re-established, but only for a short time. Prince Edward was soon after involved in disputes with his subjects, which occasioned the renewal of war between Francs and England. He died in 1376, aged 45.

The Black Prince; He distinguished himself as a military leader during the Hundred Years' War. During his lifetime he was called Edward of Woodstock; the name Black Prince was given him because of the black armor he wore. Parts of his armor still hang in Canterbury Cathedral.

More About EDWARD PRINCE OF WALES:

Burial: Canterbury, Cathedral, London, England

Child of EDWARD WALES and JOAN KENT is:

41. JOHN OF GAUNT DUKE OF²³ LANCASTER (EDWARD-III OF CAERNARVON KING OF²² ENGLAND, EDWARD-II OF²¹ CAERNARVON, KING OF ENGLAND, EDWARD I²⁰ (LONGSHANKS), KING OF ENGLAND, HENRY-III KING OF¹⁹ ENGLAND, KING-JOHN LACKLAND KING OF¹⁸, HENRY-II-KING-OF-ENGLAND¹⁷, DAUGHTER-OF-HENRY-I¹⁶ MATILDA, HENRY-1 KING OF¹⁵ ENGLAND, WILLIAM-11 KING OF¹⁴, WILLIAM-1 KING OF¹³, ROBERT-1 DUKE OF¹² NORMANDY, RICHARD-11 THE 4TH DUKE¹¹, RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) was born 1340 in Ghent. He married (1) LADY BLANCHE OF LANCASTER. He married (2) CATHERINE SWYNFORD.

Notes for JOHN OF GAUNT DUKE OF LANCASTER:

John of Gaunt [Mid. Eng. Gaunt=Ghent, his birthplace], 1340–99, duke of Lancaster; fourth son of Edward III of England. He married (1359) Blanche, heiress of Lancaster, and through her became earl (1361) and duke (1362) of Lancaster. The Lancaster holdings made him the wealthiest and one of the most influential nobles in England. He served under his brother, Edward the Black Prince, in the Hundred Years War and went (1367) on his campaign to aid Peter the Cruel of Castile. After the death of Blanche he married (1371) Peter's daughter, Constance, and thus gained a claim to the Castilian throne. When the Black Prince became ill during the French campaign of 1370–71, John took chief command. In 1373 he led his army from Calais to Bordeaux, but the expedition accomplished little. After a truce was reached (1375) he returned to England, where he allied himself with the corrupt court party led by Alice Perrers, mistress of the aging Edward III. For a short time John of Gaunt in effect ruled England. His party was temporarily dislodged from power by the Good Parliament of 1376, but John was soon able to restore his friends and assembled a hand-picked Parliament in 1377. Hostility to the strong clerical party, led by William of Wykeham, caused him to support the movement of John Wyclif. After the accession (1377) of his nephew, Richard II, John remained the most powerful figure in the government, but he devoted himself primarily to military matters. In 1386, allied with John I of Portugal, who married one of his daughters, he led an expedition to make good his Castilian claims against John I of Castile. John of Gaunt finally agreed to peace in 1388, transferred his claims to his daughter by Constance of Castile, and married her to the future Henry III of Castile. He returned to England in 1389, was made duke of Aquitaine, and helped to restore peace between Richard II and the hostile barons led by Thomas of Woodstock, duke of Gloucester. In 1396, John of Gaunt married Catherine Swynford, many years his mistress, and had his children by her, under the name of Beaufort, declared legitimate. He died soon after the king had exiled his eldest son, the duke of Hereford (later Henry IV, first of the royal line of Lancaster). John is also remembered as the patron of the poet Geoffrey Chaucer.

Notes for CATHERINE SWYNFORD:

In 1396, John of Gaunt married Catherine Swynford, many years his mistress, and had his children by her, under the name of Beaufort, declared legitimate.

He died soon after the king had exiled his eldest son, the duke of Hereford (later Henry IV, first of the royal line of Lancaster).

John is also remembered as the patron of the poet Geoffrey Chaucer.

Child of JOHN LANCASTER and LADY LANCASTER is:

Child of JOHN LANCASTER and CATHERINE SWYNFORD is:

42. LIONEL DUKE OF²³ CLARENCE (EDWARD-III OF CAERNARVON KING OF²² ENGLAND, EDWARD-II OF²¹ CAERNARVON, KING OF ENGLAND, EDWARD I²⁰ (LONGSHANKS), KING OF ENGLAND, HENRY-III KING OF¹⁹ ENGLAND, KING-JOHN LACKLAND KING OF¹⁸, HENRY-II-KING-OF-ENGLAND¹⁷, DAUGHTER-OF-HENRY-I¹⁶ MATILDA, HENRY-1 KING OF¹⁵ ENGLAND, WILLIAM-11 KING OF¹⁴, WILLIAM-1 KING OF¹³, ROBERT-1 DUKE OF¹² NORMANDY, RICHARD-11 THE 4TH DUKE¹¹, RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.)

Child of LIONEL DUKE OF CLARENCE is:

43. EDWARD THE BLACK²³ PRINCE, PRINCE OF WALES (EDWARD-III OF CAERNARVON KING OF²² ENGLAND, EDWARD-II OF²¹ CAERNARVON, KING OF ENGLAND, EDWARD I²⁰ (LONGSHANKS), KING OF ENGLAND, HENRY-III KING OF¹⁹ ENGLAND, KING-JOHN LACKLAND KING OF¹⁸, HENRY-II-KING-OF-ENGLAND¹⁷, DAUGHTER-OF-HENRY-I¹⁶ MATILDA, HENRY-1 KING OF¹⁵ ENGLAND, WILLIAM-11 KING OF¹⁴, WILLIAM-1 KING OF¹³, ROBERT-1 DUKE OF¹² NORMANDY, RICHARD-11 THE 4TH DUKE¹¹, RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) was born 06 15 1330 in Woodstock Palace,Oxfordshire,England, and died 06 8 1376 in Westminster Palace, London, England. He married JOAN "THE FAIR MAID OF KENT" PLANTAGENET, COUNT 10 10 1361 in Windsor,Berkshire,England. She was born 09 29 1328, and died 08 8 1385 in Wallingford Castle, Berkshire, England.

Notes for EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE, PRINCE OF WALES:

Married 10 OCT 1361, Windsor,Berkshire,England to Plantagenet, Joan "The Fair Maid of Kent", Countess of Kent

Child of EDWARD PRINCE and JOAN PLANTAGENET is:

44. JOHN OF²³ GAUNT, DUKE OF LANCASTER (EDWARD-III OF CAERNARVON KING OF²² ENGLAND, EDWARD-II OF²¹ CAERNARVON, KING OF ENGLAND, EDWARD I²⁰ (LONGSHANKS), KING OF ENGLAND, HENRY-III KING OF¹⁹ ENGLAND, KING-JOHN LACKLAND KING OF¹⁸, HENRY-II-KING-OF-ENGLAND¹⁷, DAUGHTER-OF-HENRY-I¹⁶ MATILDA, HENRY-1 KING OF¹⁵ ENGLAND, WILLIAM-11 KING OF¹⁴, WILLIAM-1 KING OF¹³, ROBERT-1 DUKE OF¹² NORMANDY, RICHARD-11 THE 4TH DUKE¹¹, RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) was born 03 1339/40 in Ghent, England, and died 02 3 1398/99 in Leicester Castle. He married (2) BLANCE OF LANCASTER 05 13 1359 in Reading, England.

Notes for JOHN OF GAUNT, DUKE OF LANCASTER:

John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, was the fourth son of King Edward III of England. and his queen Philippa, and was born at Ghent about 1340.

He married Blanche, daughter of Henry, Duke of Lancaster, and was created Earl of Derby and Duke of Lancaster. He took part with his brother, the Black Prince, in his Spanish expedition; married soon after Constance of Castile, and assumed the title of King of Castile; invaded France in 1373, and marched unopposed from Calais to Bordeaux; and succeeded his brother as Governor of Gascony. In 1380 he invaded Scotland, and during his absence his palace at London was attacked and burnt by the insurgents under Wat the Tyler. He afterwards made an attack on Castile in alliance with the King of Portugal; but closed the war by marrying his daughter to the son of the King of Castile; and returned to England in 1389. In the following year Richard II. gave him the Duchy of Aquitaine. By his first wife John of Gaunt was father of Henry IV. He married as his third wife Catherine Swynford, and died in 1399. He had distinguished himself as the firm and powerful protector of Wickliffe.

Child of JOHN OF GAUNT, DUKE OF LANCASTER is:

Children of JOHN GAUNT and BLANCE LANCASTER are:

45. LADY ELIZABETH²⁴ BEAUCHAMP (SIR-JOHN²³, SIR-JOHN²², SIR-HUMPHREY²¹ DE BEAUCHAMP, ALICE²⁰ DE MOHUN, HAWSIE¹⁹ FITZGEOFFREY, ALVELINE¹⁸ DE CLARE, SIR-ROGER¹⁷, ADELIZA¹⁶ DE KEVELIOCK, HUGH "DE KEVELIOC¹⁵ DE MESCHINES, SIR-RANULPH DE GURNON¹⁴, SIR-RANULPH¹³, SIR-RANULF¹², ALIX OF¹¹ NORMANDY, RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) She married WILLIAM FORTESCUE, son of SIR-WILLIAM FORTESCUE and ALICE DE STRECHLEGH. He was born 1385.

Notes for WILLIAM FORTESCUE:

Elizabeth Beauchamp, daughter and eventual coheir, born by 1349, living 1410, Whympston in parish of Modbury, Devonshire.

She married first Richard, son of Adam de Branscombe. By 1394, and probably much earlier she had married second William Fortescue, Lord of Whympston, Devonshire.

He was born about 1345, living in 1410, son of William Fortescue, Lord of Whympston, Devonshire, by his wife Alice Strechlegh, daughter of Walter de Strechlegh.

In 1401, William and Elizabeth sued her sister, Joan's husband, Sir Robert Challons, regarding tenements in Oulescombe and Buckerell, Devonshire which had been possessed by Elizabeth's brother, Sir Thomas Beauchamp.

In 1410, license for oratory was granted by Bishop Stafford to William Sr., and Elizabeth, his wife, and also William Jr., and Matilda, his wife, for the mansion of the said William Sr. at Whympston. The arms of Fortescue were Azure, a bend engrailed Argent, cotised Ore.

46. JOHN²⁴ BEAUFORT, DUKE OF SOMERSET (JOHN OF GAUNT DUKE OF²³ LANCASTER, EDWARD-III OF CAERNARVON KING OF²² ENGLAND, EDWARD-II OF²¹ CAERNARVON, KING OF ENGLAND, EDWARD I²⁰ (LONGSHANKS), KING OF ENGLAND, HENRY-III KING OF¹⁹ ENGLAND, KING-JOHN LACKLAND KING OF¹⁸, HENRY-II-KING-OF-ENGLAND¹⁷, DAUGHTER-OF-HENRY-I¹⁶ MATILDA, HENRY-1 KING OF¹⁵ ENGLAND, WILLIAM-11 KING OF¹⁴, WILLIAM-1 KING OF¹³, ROBERT-1 DUKE OF¹² NORMANDY, RICHARD-11 THE 4TH DUKE¹¹, RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) He married MARGARET BEAUCHAMP.

Child of JOHN BEAUFORT and MARGARET BEAUCHAMP is:

47. EARL OF CAMBRIDGE²⁴ RICHARD (LIONEL DUKE OF²³ CLARENCE, EDWARD-III OF CAERNARVON KING OF²² ENGLAND, EDWARD-II OF²¹ CAERNARVON, KING OF ENGLAND, EDWARD I²⁰ (LONGSHANKS), KING OF ENGLAND, HENRY-III KING OF¹⁹ ENGLAND, KING-JOHN LACKLAND KING OF¹⁸, HENRY-II-KING-OF-ENGLAND¹⁷, DAUGHTER-OF-HENRY-I¹⁶ MATILDA, HENRY-1 KING OF¹⁵ ENGLAND, WILLIAM-11 KING OF¹⁴, WILLIAM-1 KING OF¹³, ROBERT-1 DUKE OF¹² NORMANDY, RICHARD-11 THE 4TH DUKE¹¹, RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) He married ANNE MORTIMER, daughter of ROGER MORTIMER, 4TH EARL OF MARCH.

Child of EARL RICHARD and ANNE MORTIMER is:

48. EDMUND²⁴ TUDOR, EARL OF RICHMOND (JOHN OF²³ GAUNT, DUKE OF LANCASTER, EDWARD-III OF CAERNARVON KING OF²² ENGLAND, EDWARD-II OF²¹ CAERNARVON, KING OF ENGLAND, EDWARD I²⁰ (LONGSHANKS), KING OF ENGLAND, HENRY-III KING OF¹⁹ ENGLAND, KING-JOHN LACKLAND KING OF¹⁸, HENRY-II-KING-OF-ENGLAND¹⁷, DAUGHTER-OF-HENRY-I¹⁶ MATILDA, HENRY-1 KING OF¹⁵ ENGLAND, WILLIAM-11 KING OF¹⁴, WILLIAM-1 KING OF¹³, ROBERT-1 DUKE OF¹² NORMANDY, RICHARD-11 THE 4TH DUKE¹¹, RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) He married LADY-MARGARET BEAUFORT, daughter of JOHN BEAUFORT and MARGARET BEAUCHAMP. She was born 05 31 1443 in Bletsoe, Bedfords, and died 1509.

Notes for LADY-MARGARET BEAUFORT:

Margaret Beaufort (1441-1509)

Born: 31st May 1443 at Bletsoe, Bedfords

Countess of Richmond

Countess of Derby

Died: 29th June 1509

The Countess of Richmond & Derby, commonly called Lady Margaret Beaufort, was the daughter of John Beaufort, Duke of Somerset (son of John of Gaunt by Catherine Swynford), and his wife, Margaret Beauchamp. At the age of about seven, she became the child bride of John De La Pole, 2nd Duke of Suffolk, but the union was later dissolved. The Beaufort stock, though originally bastard, was legitimized by an Act of Parliament in Richard II’s reign. Thus, on the failure of the heirs of King Henry VI, Margaret's claim to the crown of England became quite a possible one (1471). Such as it was, however, the Lancastrian title had originally rested, if on anything beyond usurpation or parliamentary election, on the exclusion of females.

Henry VI always looked upon the Beauforts as possible heirs and, in 1455, married the twelve-year-old Margaret to his own maternal half-brother, Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond (then aged twenty-five). Her son, afterwards Henry VII, was born in 1456, and her husband died in the same year. She, soon afterward, married Henry Stafford, the second son of the Duke of Buckingham, and submitted to the Yorkist rule; but, after the Battle of Tewkesbury, she was obliged to send her son, Henry, now the sole hope of the Lancastrian cause, to seek refuge in Brittany.

Margaret's third husband was a pronounced Yorkist, Thomas, Lord Stanley, afterwards Earl of Derby; but his final defection from Richard III on the field of Bosworth secured the victory to his stepson, Henry VII. Margaret, though she seldom appeared at her son's court, remained, until her death, his constant correspondent and one of his wisest advisers. She took vows of religion in 1504, but continued to live out of a nunnery, although she had founded several.

Her great glory is, however, her foundation of the two Colleges of Christ's and St. John's at Cambridge, and of the' Lady Margaret' professorships of Divinity at both Universities. She was instigated to these foundations by the advice of John Fisher, afterwards Bishop of Rochester, one of the glories, as indeed Margaret herself also was, of Renaissance learning in England. Margaret was an ardent patron of the Early English Press and her grandson Henry VIII's love of learning and books was no doubt a direct inheritance from her.

Child of EDMUND TUDOR and LADY-MARGARET BEAUFORT is:

49. HENRY-IV KING OF²⁴ ENGLAND (JOHN OF²³ GAUNT, DUKE OF LANCASTER, EDWARD-III OF CAERNARVON KING OF²² ENGLAND, EDWARD-II OF²¹ CAERNARVON, KING OF ENGLAND, EDWARD I²⁰ (LONGSHANKS), KING OF ENGLAND, HENRY-III KING OF¹⁹ ENGLAND, KING-JOHN LACKLAND KING OF¹⁸, HENRY-II-KING-OF-ENGLAND¹⁷, DAUGHTER-OF-HENRY-I¹⁶ MATILDA, HENRY-1 KING OF¹⁵ ENGLAND, WILLIAM-11 KING OF¹⁴, WILLIAM-1 KING OF¹³, ROBERT-1 DUKE OF¹² NORMANDY, RICHARD-11 THE 4TH DUKE¹¹, RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) was born 1366, and died 1431.

Child of HENRY-IV KING OF ENGLAND is:

50. JOHN²⁵ FORTESCUE (ELIZABETH²⁴ BEAUCHAMP, SIR-JOHN²³, SIR-JOHN²², SIR-HUMPHREY²¹ DE BEAUCHAMP, ALICE²⁰ DE MOHUN, HAWSIE¹⁹ FITZGEOFFREY, ALVELINE¹⁸ DE CLARE, SIR-ROGER¹⁷, ADELIZA¹⁶ DE KEVELIOCK, HUGH "DE KEVELIOC¹⁵ DE MESCHINES, SIR-RANULPH DE GURNON¹⁴, SIR-RANULPH¹³, SIR-RANULF¹², ALIX OF¹¹ NORMANDY, RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) was born 1420 in March 11, 1480. He married JOAN PRUTTESTON 03 11 1479/80, daughter of JOHN PRUTTESTON. She died 05 23 1501.

Notes for JOHN FORTESCUE:

John Fortescue, heir to his parents, born about 1420, died 11 March 1480/81, Inquisition post mortem taken 4 November 1481. He was Lord of Whympston, Devonshire. He married by 1450, Joan Prutteston, daughter and sole heir of John Prutteston of Prutteston (or Preston) in the parish Ermington, Devonshire. Joan is mentioned in the Inq.p.m. taken on her father's lands dated 1468. She died 23 May 1501, Inq.p.m. taken 26 October 1501. The Fortescue family later quartered the Prutteston arms, they being, Ore on a bend azure, 3 crosses patty fitchy argent. John Fortescue is sometimes confused with his first cousin, Sir John Fortescue, the emeinent lawyer who became lord chief justice in England.

51. LADY-MARGARET²⁵ BEAUFORT (JOHN²⁴, JOHN OF GAUNT DUKE OF²³ LANCASTER, EDWARD-III OF CAERNARVON KING OF²² ENGLAND, EDWARD-II OF²¹ CAERNARVON, KING OF ENGLAND, EDWARD I²⁰ (LONGSHANKS), KING OF ENGLAND, HENRY-III KING OF¹⁹ ENGLAND, KING-JOHN LACKLAND KING OF¹⁸, HENRY-II-KING-OF-ENGLAND¹⁷, DAUGHTER-OF-HENRY-I¹⁶ MATILDA, HENRY-1 KING OF¹⁵ ENGLAND, WILLIAM-11 KING OF¹⁴, WILLIAM-1 KING OF¹³, ROBERT-1 DUKE OF¹² NORMANDY, RICHARD-11 THE 4TH DUKE¹¹, RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) was born 05 31 1443 in Bletsoe, Bedfords, and died 1509. She married EDMUND TUDOR, EARL OF RICHMOND, son of JOHN OF GAUNT, DUKE OF LANCASTER.

Notes for LADY-MARGARET BEAUFORT:

Margaret Beaufort (1441-1509)

Born: 31st May 1443 at Bletsoe, Bedfords

Countess of Richmond

Countess of Derby

Died: 29th June 1509

The Countess of Richmond & Derby, commonly called Lady Margaret Beaufort, was the daughter of John Beaufort, Duke of Somerset (son of John of Gaunt by Catherine Swynford), and his wife, Margaret Beauchamp. At the age of about seven, she became the child bride of John De La Pole, 2nd Duke of Suffolk, but the union was later dissolved. The Beaufort stock, though originally bastard, was legitimized by an Act of Parliament in Richard II’s reign. Thus, on the failure of the heirs of King Henry VI, Margaret's claim to the crown of England became quite a possible one (1471). Such as it was, however, the Lancastrian title had originally rested, if on anything beyond usurpation or parliamentary election, on the exclusion of females.

Henry VI always looked upon the Beauforts as possible heirs and, in 1455, married the twelve-year-old Margaret to his own maternal half-brother, Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond (then aged twenty-five). Her son, afterwards Henry VII, was born in 1456, and her husband died in the same year. She, soon afterward, married Henry Stafford, the second son of the Duke of Buckingham, and submitted to the Yorkist rule; but, after the Battle of Tewkesbury, she was obliged to send her son, Henry, now the sole hope of the Lancastrian cause, to seek refuge in Brittany.

Margaret's third husband was a pronounced Yorkist, Thomas, Lord Stanley, afterwards Earl of Derby; but his final defection from Richard III on the field of Bosworth secured the victory to his stepson, Henry VII. Margaret, though she seldom appeared at her son's court, remained, until her death, his constant correspondent and one of his wisest advisers. She took vows of religion in 1504, but continued to live out of a nunnery, although she had founded several.

Her great glory is, however, her foundation of the two Colleges of Christ's and St. John's at Cambridge, and of the' Lady Margaret' professorships of Divinity at both Universities. She was instigated to these foundations by the advice of John Fisher, afterwards Bishop of Rochester, one of the glories, as indeed Margaret herself also was, of Renaissance learning in England. Margaret was an ardent patron of the Early English Press and her grandson Henry VIII's love of learning and books was no doubt a direct inheritance from her.

Child is listed above under (48) Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond.

52. THIRD DUKE OF YORK²⁵ RICHARD (EARL OF CAMBRIDGE²⁴, LIONEL DUKE OF²³ CLARENCE, EDWARD-III OF CAERNARVON KING OF²² ENGLAND, EDWARD-II OF²¹ CAERNARVON, KING OF ENGLAND, EDWARD I²⁰ (LONGSHANKS), KING OF ENGLAND, HENRY-III KING OF¹⁹ ENGLAND, KING-JOHN LACKLAND KING OF¹⁸, HENRY-II-KING-OF-ENGLAND¹⁷, DAUGHTER-OF-HENRY-I¹⁶ MATILDA, HENRY-1 KING OF¹⁵ ENGLAND, WILLIAM-11 KING OF¹⁴, WILLIAM-1 KING OF¹³, ROBERT-1 DUKE OF¹² NORMANDY, RICHARD-11 THE 4TH DUKE¹¹, RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.)

Notes for THIRD DUKE OF YORK RICHARD:

Richard, third Duke of York, was the only son of Richard, Earl of Cambridge, and Anne, daughter of Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March (1374-1398) ; through whom and her mother Philippa, he traced his descent from Lionel, Duke of Clarence, third son of Edward III.

At the death of his father, executed for conspiracy in 1415, he was in-trusted to the guardianship of the Countess of Westmoreland, and ten years later the attainder was set aside, and he succeeded to the title of Duke of York. He took a very important part in public affairs, and was for some time virtually sovereign. Made Constable of England in 1430, Regent of France after the Duke of Bedford's death, he was recalled in 1446, opposed the policy of Queen Margaret and was named, in 1449, Lieutenant of Ireland.

He won the esteem and support of the Irish by his good administration, and then asserted his right to the crown. On his return to England he had an interview with the king, Henry VI., and was appointed Protector of the kingdom in 1454. But reconciliation of the two houses was impossible, and in the following year the Wars of the Roses began.

After five years of fluctuating fortune the Duke was defeated and killed at the battle of Wakefield, December 31, 1460. His head was placed over the gates of York for a time, and then his remains were interred first at Pomfret, and ultimately at Fotheringay. He was father of Edward IV., Richard III., and George, Duke of Clarence. His daughter Margaret was married to Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy.

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Children of THIRD DUKE OF YORK RICHARD are:

53. HENRY-V11 TUDOR KING OF²⁵ ENGLAND (EDMUND²⁴ TUDOR, EARL OF RICHMOND, JOHN OF²³ GAUNT, DUKE OF LANCASTER, EDWARD-III OF CAERNARVON KING OF²² ENGLAND, EDWARD-II OF²¹ CAERNARVON, KING OF ENGLAND, EDWARD I²⁰ (LONGSHANKS), KING OF ENGLAND, HENRY-III KING OF¹⁹ ENGLAND, KING-JOHN LACKLAND KING OF¹⁸, HENRY-II-KING-OF-ENGLAND¹⁷, DAUGHTER-OF-HENRY-I¹⁶ MATILDA, HENRY-1 KING OF¹⁵ ENGLAND, WILLIAM-11 KING OF¹⁴, WILLIAM-1 KING OF¹³, ROBERT-1 DUKE OF¹² NORMANDY, RICHARD-11 THE 4TH DUKE¹¹, RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) was born 1456 in Pembroke Castle, and died 04 21 1509 in Richmond, England. He married PRINCESS ELIZABETH OF YORK 1486. She died 1503.

Notes for HENRY-V11 TUDOR KING OF ENGLAND:

Margaret Beafprt son, afterwards Henry VII, was born in 1456, and her husband died in the same year. She, soon afterward, married Henry Stafford, the second son of the Duke of Buckingham, and submitted to the Yorkist rule; but, after the Battle of Tewkesbury, she was obliged to send her son, Henry, now the sole hope of the Lancastrian cause, to seek refuge in Brittany.

Margaret's third husband was a pronounced Yorkist, Thomas, Lord Stanley, afterwards Earl of Derby; but his final defection from Richard III on the field of Bosworth secured the victory to his stepson, Henry VII. Margaret, though she seldom appeared at her son's court, remained, until her death, his constant correspondent and one of his wisest advisers. She took vows of religion in 1504, but continued to live out of a nunnery, although she had founded several.

Her great glory is, however, her foundation of the two Colleges of Christ's and St. John's at Cambridge, and of the' Lady Margaret' professorships of Divinity at both Universities. She was instigated to these foundations by the advice of John Fisher, afterwards Bishop of Rochester, one of the glories, as indeed Margaret herself also was, of Renaissance learning in England. Margaret was an ardent patron of the Early English Press and her grandson Henry VIII's love of learning and books was no doubt a direct inheritance from her.

Henry VII King of England,

First sovereign of the Tudor line, was the son of Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond, and his wife, Margaret Beaufort, a descendant of the eldest son of John of Gaunt, and was born, probably at Pembroke Castle, in 1456. His father dying the same year, he was taken charge of by his uncle, Jasper Tudor; on the accession of Edward IV., in 1461, was attainted and placed under the care of Sir William Herbert; was taken to court on the restoration of Henry VI., and is said to have studied a short time at Eton; and after the victory of Edward IV. at Tewkesbury was taken by his uncle to Brittany. The Duke of Brittany steadily refused to deliver him up when pressed to do so by Edward and by Richard III.

A rising in favour of Henry was planned in 1483, and he made an attempt to invade England in October of that year, but failed, and several of the leaders, the Duke of Buckingham among them, were executed. In August, 1485, he made a second attempt, landed at Milford Haven, and won a decisive victory over Richard III. at the battle of Bosworth, in which Richard was killed. Henry was crowned in October following. In 1486 he married the Princess Elizabeth of York, but although this union was looked on as an alliance of the rival houses of York and Lancaster, Henry showed himself the merciless and unscrupulous enemy of the Yorkists. Numerous insurrections broke out to trouble the peace of his reign. First that under Lord Lovel and the Staffords, which was easily suppressed; next that of Lambert Simnel, who, under the instruction of Richard Simon, a priest of Oxford, personated Edward, Earl of Warwick, and was crowned in Ireland as Edward VI, in May, 1487; was supported by Margaret, duchess of Burgundy; and was defeated and taken prisoner by Henry at the battle of Stoke; then, in 1492, that excited in favour of the so-called Perkin Warbeck, giving himself out as Richard, Duke of York, son of Edward IV. He was acknowledged as such by Margaret, Duchess of Burgundy; attempted unsuccessfully to invade England in 1495; was received in the following year by the king of Scotland, who gave him in marriage Lady Katherine Gordon; again invaded England in 1497, and on the approach of Henry fled to Beaulieu Abbey, and was sent prisoner to London; made his escape, but was retaken, and in 1499 executed.

The rest of Henry's reign was undisturbed, and he could indulge the master passion of his nature, the love of money. He had by popular feeling been compelled more than once to declare war on France, but it did not come to fighting. He gained subsidies by declaring war, and then by secret treaties made peace and got well paid for it. He employed in the latter years of his reign the notorious Empson and Dudley, for the purpose of extorting money on any pretexts from his subjects ; and on the death of his queen in 1503, cast about for a new bride with a rich dowry. Illness came upon him in 1507, and be began to build monasteries and release prisoners for debt. He died at Richmond, April 21, 1509, and was buried in the magnificent chapel erected by himself, at Westminster. His reign was the epoch of one of the most important social changes the destruction of the feudal system and the growth of a middle class. Lord Bacon wrote a 'History of the Reign of Henry VII.'

Child of HENRY-V11 ENGLAND and PRINCESS YORK is:

54. HENRY-V KING OF²⁵ ENGLAND (HENRY-IV KING OF²⁴, JOHN OF²³ GAUNT, DUKE OF LANCASTER, EDWARD-III OF CAERNARVON KING OF²² ENGLAND, EDWARD-II OF²¹ CAERNARVON, KING OF ENGLAND, EDWARD I²⁰ (LONGSHANKS), KING OF ENGLAND, HENRY-III KING OF¹⁹ ENGLAND, KING-JOHN LACKLAND KING OF¹⁸, HENRY-II-KING-OF-ENGLAND¹⁷, DAUGHTER-OF-HENRY-I¹⁶ MATILDA, HENRY-1 KING OF¹⁵ ENGLAND, WILLIAM-11 KING OF¹⁴, WILLIAM-1 KING OF¹³, ROBERT-1 DUKE OF¹² NORMANDY, RICHARD-11 THE 4TH DUKE¹¹, RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) was born 1388, and died 1422. He married (1) KATHERINE OF FRANCE. He married (2) KATHERINE OF FRANCE.

Notes for HENRY-V KING OF ENGLAND:

Henry V.,

King of England, called, after his birthplace, Henry of Monmouth, was born in 1388, and succeeded his father, Henry IV., in 1413.

It is usually said that his dissipated habits while a prince gave his father great uneasiness ; but he frequently displayed noble traits of character, and on ascending the throne he justified the best expectations.

France being at the time torn asunder by the opposing factions of the Dukes of Orleans and Burgundy, Henry took the favourable opportunity of reviving the claims of his predecessors upon that country, and he landed with an army at Harfleur, August 14, 1415.

With 15,000 men he gained the battle of Agincourt, though the French immensely outnumbered him. He then returned to England; but two years afterwards he went again to France, espoused the Princess Katherine, in 1420, on condition that the French crown should pass to him and his heirs on the death of the King of France, and be inseparably united to the crown of England.

While all his great projects appeared to be rapidly advancing towards a successful issue, a painful disease arrested his progress, and he died in 1422, aged 34, and in the 10th year of his reign.

Child of HENRY-V ENGLAND and KATHERINE FRANCE is: