1. SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D. was born 710, and died 812. He married ALFHILD GANDOLDOTTIER.

Children of SIGURD LETHRA and ALFHILD GANDOLDOTTIER are:

2. HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK (SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) was born Bet. 450 - 750. He married ALMVEIGU EYMUNDSDATTER Abt. 479 in Ringerike, Buskerud, Norway. She was born in Of, Holmgarth, Novgorod, Russia.

Notes for HALFDAN "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK:

HALFDAN FIGHTS WITH GANDALF AND SIGTRYG.

Halfdan was a year old when his father was killed, and his mother Asa set off immediately with him westwards to Agder, and set herself there in the kingdom which her father Harald had Halfdan grew up there, and soon became stout and strong; and, by reason of his black hair, was called Halfdan the Black.

When he was eighteen years old he took his kingdom in Agder, and went immediately to Vestfold, where he divided that kingdom, as before related, with his brother Olaf. The same autumn he went with an army to Vingulmark against King Gandalf. They had many battles, and sometimes one, sometimes the other gained the victory; but at last they agreed that Halfdan should have half of Vingulmark, as his father Gudrod had had it before.

Then King Halfdan proceeded to Raumarike, and subdued it. King Sigtryg, son of King Eystein, who then had his residence in Hedemark, and who had subdued Raumarike before, having heard of this, came out with his army against King Halfdan, and there was great battle, in which King Halfdan was victorious; and just as King Sigtryg and his troops were turning about to fly, an arrow struck him under the left arm, and he fell dead.

Halfdan then laid the whole of Raumarike under his power. King Eystein's second son, King Sigtryg's brother, was also called Eystein, and was then king in Hedemark. As soon as Halfdan had returned to Vestfold, King Eystein went out with his army to Raumarike, and laid the whole country in subjection to him.

Child of HALFDAN "THE OLD and ALMVEIGU EYMUNDSDATTER is:

3. IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS (HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) died 810 in Norway. He married ASCRIDA OF JUTLAND RAGNVALDSDOTTIR. She was born 812 in Maer, Norway.

Notes for IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF UPLANDERS:

Ivar Oplaendinge Jarl of Uplanders (830-) [Pedigree] Son of Halfdan "the Old"

REF RFC. Jarl of Uplanders of Norway.

REF GENSERV:PETD6EA. Show his father as Halfdan II "Milldi" EYSTEINSSON

b. ABT 762 d. 800. son of Eysteinn I "Fretr" HALFDANSSON, b. 736 b. AFT 830 lv. ABT 800

Child of IVAR UPLANDERS and ASCRIDA RAGNVALDSDOTTIR is:

4. EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA (IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) was born 788. He married ASEDA ROGNVALDSDOTTIR.

Notes for EYSTEIN "THE NOISY" GLUMRA:

Eystein Glumra Ivarsson Jarl of Hedemarken

Child of EYSTEIN GLUMRA and ASEDA ROGNVALDSDOTTIR is:

5. RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON (EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) was born 820, and died 890. He married ROGNHILD (HILDIR) HROLFSDOTTER.

Notes for RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE EYSTEINSSON:

Rognvald Eysteinsson "the Wise" Earl of More m(1) Rognhild (Hildir) Hrolfsdotter

Child of RAGNVALD EYSTEINSSON and ROGNHILD HROLFSDOTTER is:

6. ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶ NORMANDY (RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) was born 854 in Maer, Nord-Trondelag, Norway, and died 931 in Notre Dame, Rouen, France. He married POPPA DUCHESS OF NORWAY DE VALOIS. She was born 872 in Evreux, Normandy, France.

Notes for ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF NORMANDY:

RAGNVALDSSON, Rolf (Rollo) Of Norway 1st Duke Of Normandy

Rollo the Dane 1st Duke of Normandy (-927) m(1) Poppa de_Valois Duchess of Norway (872-)

Rollo the Dane 1st Duke of Normandy (-927) [Pedigree]

Son of Rognvald Eysteinsson "the Wise" Earl of More (830-) and Rognhild (Hildir) Hrolfsdotter (848-892)

All children from 2nd wife. Count of Rouen. b. 846, Maer, Norway b. INT 845 (ABT 845/870), Maer, Nord-Trondelag, Norway

b. ABT 870, Maer, Norway d. 927/933, Notre Dame, Rouen, France d. 927-932 d. 932

Married first Poppa de_Valois Duchess of Norway (872-) Children:

William_I "Longsword" 2nd Duke of Normandy (893-943) m(1) Luitgarde of Vermandois (915-978)

Adela of Normandy Princess of Normandy (897-0962) m. William I of Poitou (III of Aquitaine) Count of Poitou Duke of Aquitaine (925-963)

Robert 1st Count of Corbeil

Married second Gisela of France

Rolf Ganger went afterwards over sea to the West to the Hebrides, or Sudreys; and at last farther west to Valland, where he

plundered and subdued for himself a great earldom, which he peopled with Northmen, from which that land is called Normandy.

Rolf Ganger's son was William, father to Richard, and grandfather to another Richard, who was the father of Robert Longspear, and

grandfather of William the Bastard, from whom all the following English kings are descended.

From Rolf Ganger also are descended the earls in Normandy. Queen Ragnhild the Mighty lived three years after she came to Norway; and, after her death, her son and King Harald's was taken to the herse Thorer Hroaldson, and Eirik was fostered by him.

7. SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷ NORMANDY (ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) was born 893 in Rouen, Normandy, France, and died 12 20 942 in France. He married LUITGARDE OF VERMANDOIS. She was born 915, and died 978.

Notes for SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF NORMANDY:

William_I "Longsword" 2nd Duke of Normandy (893-943) [Pedigree]

Son of Rollo the Dane 1st Duke of Normandy (-927) and Poppa de_Valois Duchess of Norway (872-)

Children from 1st wife b. ABT 893 . Normandy, France b. ABT 900, Normandy d. 17 Dec 943, France d. 17 Dec 942, France

Married first Luitgarde of Vermandois (915-978)

Married second Sprote de Bretagne (911-) Children:

Herfastus the Dane (-1059)

Richard I "The Fearless" of Normandy 3rd Duke of Normandy (933-996) m(1) Papia

8. RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸ NORMANDY (SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) was born 08 28 933 in Fecamp, France, and died 11 20 996 in Fecamp, France. He married GONNOR (GUNHILDA) DE CREPON, daughter of HERBATUS DE CREPON. She was born 936 in Normandy, France, and died 1031 in France.

Notes for RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF NORMANDY:

Richard I "The Fearless" 3rd Duke Of Normandy

Richard I "The Fearless" of Normandy 3rd Duke of Normandy (933-996) [Pedigree]

Son of William_I "Longsword" 2nd Duke of Normandy (893-943) and Sprote de Bretagne (911-)

b. 28 Aug 933

b. ABT 933, Fecamp, France

r. Normandy, France

r. Fecamp, Seine-Inferieure, France

d. 20 Nov 996, Fecamp, France

Married first Papia

Children:

Fredesende of Normandy m. Tancred Seigneur de Hauteville le Guiscard (-1041) Muriella of Normandy (-1020) m. Tancred Seigneur de Hauteville le Guiscard (-1041) Married second Unknown Mistress

Children:

Papia m. Gulbert de St. Valerie Married third Emma of Burgundy (943-0968) (2) Married fourth Gunnora of Denmark (936-1031)

Children:

Richard II "the Good" of Normandy 4th Duke of Normandy (958-1026) m(1) Pope (Papie) (997-)

Hawise of Normandy (-1034) m(2) Geoffrey of_Brittany Duke of Brittany (980-1008)

Robert d' EVEREUX Archbishop of Rouen Count of Evereux (964-1037) m. Herleva

Godfrey de BRUINE Count of Eu and Brionne (953-1015) m. Hawise

Emma of Normandy Princess of Normandy (985-1052) m(1) Ethelred II "the Unready" King of England (-1016)

Mathilda of Normandy (-1017) m(1) Eudes II of Blois Count of Blois and Champagne (-1037)

Beatrix of Normandy (-1035)

William of Eu Count of Eu, Exmia (-1057) m. Lescelin de Turquerville (-1057)

Mauger of Normandy Count of Corbeil

9. RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹ NORMANDY (RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) was born 962, and died 08 28 1027 in Fecamp, Normandy, France. He married JUDITH OF BRITTANY, daughter of DUKE BRITTANY and ERMENGARDE ANJOU. She was born 982, and died 1017 in Normandy, France.

Notes for RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF NORMANDY:

Richard II "The Good" 4th Duke Of Normandy

Richard II "the Good" of Normandy 4th Duke of Normandy (958-1026) [Pedigree]

Son of Richard I "The Fearless" of Normandy 3rd Duke of Normandy (933-996) and Gunnora of Denmark (936-1031)

REF RFC. "The Good".

b. ABT 958, Normandy, France d. 28 Aug 1026, Fecamp, Seine Inferieure, France d. 28 Aug 1027, Fecamp, S-Infr, Francis Married first Pope (Papie) (997-)

Children:

Pope Papia of Normandy Guillaume Count of Talon And ARQ (1025-)

Married second Judith of Brittany (-1017)

Children:

Adelais (Judith) of Normandy Princess of Normandy (0990-1037) m. Renaud I Count of Burgundy (986-1057)

Richard III of Normandy 5th Duke of Normandy (0997-1028) m(1) Adele-Alice (Aelicie) of_France (1009-1079)

Robert II "the Devil" of Normandy 6th Duke of Normandy (1000-1035) m(1) Herleve de FALAISE (1003-)

(Miss) of Normandy FITZRICHARD

Eleanora of Normandy (1010-1071) m. Baldwin IV "Fair Beard" of Flanders Count of Flanders (980-1036)

William of Normandy (-1025)

Mauger the Younger Lord St. Clair

Married third Adele-Alice (Aelicie) of_France (1009-1079)

Married fourth Estritha (Margaret) of Denmark (967-)

10. RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰ NORMANDY (RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) was born 958.

Notes for RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF NORMANDY:

Richard III of Normandy 5th Duke of Normandy (0997-1028) [Pedigree]

Son of Richard II "the Good" of Normandy 4th Duke of Normandy (958-1026) and Judith of Brittany (-1017)

Daughter (Alix) is illegitimate. b. ABT 0997 b. 1001, Normandy, France r. Normandy, France d. 6 Aug 1028

Married first Adele-Alice (Aelicie) of_France (1009-1079)

Children:

Elena of Normandy m. Hubert HUSE (-1066)

Avelina FITZRICHARD

Married second Unknown Mistress

Children:

Alice of_Normandy m. Ranulph I Vicomte of the Bessin

11. ALIX OF¹¹ NORMANDY (RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) was born 977, and died 08 6 1028 in Normandy, France. She married SIR-RANULPH DE MESCHINES, COUNT DE BAYEAUX, son of SIR-ANCITEL DE MESCHINES, COUNT DE BAYEAUX. He was born 1017 in Bayeau, Normandy, France.

Notes for ALIX OF NORMANDY:

(Alix) is illegitimate daughter of Richard III of Normandy 5th Duke of Normandy (0997-1028)

Notes for SIR-RANULPH DE MESCHINES, COUNT DE BAYEAUX:

DE MESCHINES, Ranulph Count De Bayeaux Birth : ? 1017 Bayeaux, Normandy

Child of ALIX NORMANDY and SIR-RANULPH DE MESCHINES is:

12. RICHARD-11 THE 4TH DUKE¹¹ NORMANDY (RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) was born 996, and died 08 28 1027. He married JUDITH.

Child of RICHARD-11 NORMANDY and JUDITH is:

13. SIR-RANULF¹² DE MESCHINES, VISCOUNT DE BAYEAUX (ALIX OF¹¹ NORMANDY, RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.)

Notes for SIR-RANULF DE MESCHINES, VISCOUNT DE BAYEAUX:

DE MESCHINES, Ranulf Viscount De Bayeaux ,

Child of SIR-RANULF DE MESCHINES, VISCOUNT DE BAYEAUX is:

14. ROBERT-1 DUKE OF¹² NORMANDY (RICHARD-11 THE 4TH DUKE¹¹, RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) died 07 2 1035 in Nicaea, Turkey. He married (1) JUDITH. He married (2) HERLEVA OR ARLETTE OF FALAISE.

Notes for ROBERT-1 DUKE OF NORMANDY:

Robert I, (Duke of Normandy (1027-1035)) [62] 2 JUL 1035

TITLE: Duke of Normandy (1027-1035)

DEATH: 2 JUL 1035, Nicaea, Turkey

EVENT: Robert the Magnificent, Robert the Devil

AKA: Father: Richard II, Mother: Judith __??__

Family 1 : Herleva or Arlette of Falaise

MARRIAGE: +William I,

Child of ROBERT-1 NORMANDY and JUDITH is:

15. SIR-RANULPH¹³ DE MESCHINES, "DE BRIQUESSART" E (SIR-RANULF¹², ALIX OF¹¹ NORMANDY, RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.)

Notes for SIR-RANULPH DE MESCHINES, "DE BRIQUESSART" E:

Sir Ranulph DE MESCHINES "De Briquessart" Earl Of Chester"

Child of SIR-RANULPH DE MESCHINES, "DE BRIQUESSART" E is:

16. WILLIAM-1 KING OF¹³ ENGLAND, WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR (ROBERT-1 DUKE OF¹² NORMANDY, RICHARD-11 THE 4TH DUKE¹¹, RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) was born 1028 in Falaise, Normandy, France, and died 09 9 1087 in St. Gervais Priory near Rouen, France. He married MATILDA DAUGHTER OF BALDWIN V, daughter of BALDWIN FLANDERS and ADELA FRANCE. She was born 1031, and died 11 2 1083 in Caen, France.

Notes for WILLIAM-1 KING OF ENGLAND, WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR:

William the Conqueror, William the Bastard, William of Normandy, (French) Guillaume le Conquerant

William I, (King of England (1066-1087)) [11]

ABT 1028 - 9 SEP 1087

William the Conqueror Claimed the Title of King of England (1066-1087) after winning the Battle of Hastings 1066

BIRTH: ABT 1028, Falaise, Normandy, France

DEATH: 9 SEP 1087, St. Gervais Priory near Rouen, France

BURIAL: 1087, St. Stephen Abbey, Caen, France

Father: Robert I,

Mother: Herleva or Arlette of Falaise

Family 1 : Matilda,

MARRIAGE: Europe

Robert II, Curthose

Richard

William II,

+Henry I,

Cecilia

Agatha

Adeliza,

Adela,

Constance

Battle 1066: THE DATE THAT WOULD CHANGE BRITAIN FOREVER www.travelbritain.com

Duke William of Normandy left St.Valery in Normandy with about 600 ships and 10-12,000 men on Sept 27th in 1066--Reigned 1066-1087. Duke of Normandy 1035-1087. Invaded England defeated and killed his rival Harold at the Battle of Hastings and became King. The Norman conquest of England was completed by 1072 aided by the establishment of feaudalism under which his followers were granted land in return for pledges of service and loyalty. As King William was noted for his efficient if harsh rule. His administration relied upon Norman and other foreign personnel especially Lanfranc Archbishop of Canterbury. In 1085 started Domesday Book.

Bayeux Tapestry, so called because it was originally found in the cathedral of Bayeux, in the public library of which town it is still preserved. It is supposed to have been worked by Matilda, queen of William the Conqueror. It is 214 ft. in length and 20 in. in breadth, and is divided into seventy-two compartments, the subject of each scene being indicated by a Latin inscription. Thse scenes give a pictorial history of the invasion and conquest of England by the Normans, beginning with Harold's visit to the Norman court, and ending with his death at Hastings.

William, King of England There were four kings of England named William. William I was known as William the Conqueror, and he is considered the first king of modern England. He ruled from 1066 to 1087. The English king called Edward the Confessor died. Two claimed the right to be the next king of England. One was a Saxon, Harold; the other was William, duke of the French territory of Normandy. In 1066 William invaded England with a Norman army and defeated Harold at the Battle of Hastings. His victory is called the Norman Conquest. William made great changes in English life. Before his time the land was ruled by earls, and most of the working people were little more than slaves. William made the king the real ruler of the country and brought order and peaceful government to England. William 11 was the son of William the Conqueror. He was called William Rufus (which means William the Red) because of his ruddy complexion. He was born about 1056. William Rufus fought constant wars to increase his territories. In I 100 he was killed by an arrow while hunting

ABBEY & BATTLEFIELD- Explore the site of the Battle of Hastings. Relive through sound effects and characters from the past with the aid of a free audio tour the battle where Harold was defeated by William the Conqueror. A new exhibition sets the scene for this momentous event in England’s history. Abbey Life Museum; children’s activity play area; newly extended gift shop.

Where is it?

Battle is located in the County of East Sussex, northwest of Hastings. From the A21 exit west onto the A2100, proceed into Battle. Other nearby places of interest include Rye, located north along the A259 from Hastings. Nearest Airport is London's Gatwick Airport.

Battle-East Sussex

Where is it?

Served by a good road network, Battle is 57 miles from London via the A21/A2100. The A21 links to the M25. The A259 is the coastal road to the Cross Channel Ports and the Channel Tunnel.

Frequent fast trains run from London Charing Cross and the journey takes 75 minutes.

Battle is ideally situated for the Port of Dover (45 miles) and Newhaven (30 miles). There is also a SeaCat service to France from Dover/Folkestone/Newhaven.

The International Gatwick Airport is linked directly by train from Bexhill (9miles from Battle) and is approximately 50 miles by road.

Daily National Express Bus service from London (Victoria Coach Station).

More About WILLIAM-1 KING OF ENGLAND, WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR:

Burial: 1087, St. Stephen Abbey, Caen, France

More About MATILDA DAUGHTER OF BALDWIN V:

Burial: Church of the Holy Trinity, Caen, France

Child of WILLIAM-1 ENGLAND and MATILDA BALDWIN is:

17. SIR-RANULPH DE GURNON¹⁴ DE MESCHINES (SIR-RANULPH¹³, SIR-RANULF¹², ALIX OF¹¹ NORMANDY, RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) was born 1099 in Gernon, Normandy, France, and died 12 16 1153. He married MAUD FITZROBERT. She was born 1189.

Notes for SIR-RANULPH DE GURNON DE MESCHINES:

His Father: DE MESCHINES, Ranulph "De Briquessart" Earl Of Chester

Child of SIR-RANULPH DE MESCHINES and MAUD FITZROBERT is:

18. WILLIAM-11 KING OF¹⁴ ENGLAND (WILLIAM-1 KING OF¹³, ROBERT-1 DUKE OF¹² NORMANDY, RICHARD-11 THE 4TH DUKE¹¹, RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) was born 1056 in Normandy, France, and died 08 2 1100 in New Forest, England.

Notes for WILLIAM-11 KING OF ENGLAND:

William II, (King of England (1087-1100))

[12]

ABT 1056 - 2 AUG 1100

TITLE: King of England (1087-1100)

BIRTH: ABT 1056, Normandy, France

DEATH: 2 AUG 1100, New Forest, England

BURIAL: 1100, Winchester Cathedral, Hampshire, England

Father: William I,

Mother: Matilda,

More About WILLIAM-11 KING OF ENGLAND:

Burial: 1100, Winchester Cathedral, Hampshire, England

Child of WILLIAM-11 KING OF ENGLAND is:

19. HUGH "DE KEVELIOC¹⁵ DE MESCHINES (SIR-RANULPH DE GURNON¹⁴, SIR-RANULPH¹³, SIR-RANULF¹², ALIX OF¹¹ NORMANDY, RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) was born 1147, and died 06 30 1181. He married BERTRADES D'EVEREAU.

20. HENRY-1 KING OF¹⁵ ENGLAND (WILLIAM-11 KING OF¹⁴, WILLIAM-1 KING OF¹³, ROBERT-1 DUKE OF¹² NORMANDY, RICHARD-11 THE 4TH DUKE¹¹, RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) was born 1069 in Selby, Yorkshire, England, and died 12 1 1135 in Lyons-la-Foret, Normandy. He married (DAUGHTER OF MALCOLM III) MATILDA 11 11 1100 in Westminster Abbey, London, England. She was born 1079 in Dunfermline, England, and died 05 1 1118 in Westminster Palace, London, England.

Notes for HENRY-1 KING OF ENGLAND:

Henry I, (King of England (1100-1135))

1069 - 1 DEC 1135

TITLE: King of England (1100-1135)

BIRTH: 1069, Selby, Yorkshire, England

DEATH: 1 DEC 1135, Lyons-la-Foret, Normandy

BURIAL: 1135, Reading Abbey, Reading, Berkshire, England

EVENT: Henry Beauclerc (Good Scholar)

Father: William I,

Mother: Matilda,

Family 1 : Matilda,

MARRIAGE: 11 NOV 1100, Westminster Abbey, London, England

+Matilda,

William,

More About HENRY-1 KING OF ENGLAND:

Burial: 1135, Reading Abbey, Reading, Berkshire, England

More About (DAUGHTER OF MALCOLM III) MATILDA:

Burial: Westminster Abbey, London, England

Child of HENRY-1 ENGLAND and (DAUGHTER MATILDA is:

21. ADELIZA¹⁶ DE KEVELIOCK (HUGH "DE KEVELIOC¹⁵ DE MESCHINES, SIR-RANULPH DE GURNON¹⁴, SIR-RANULPH¹³, SIR-RANULF¹², ALIX OF¹¹ NORMANDY, RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) She married SIR-RICHARD FITZGILBERT DE CLARE. He was born 1100, and died 04 15 1136 in Abergavenny.

Notes for SIR-RICHARD FITZGILBERT DE CLARE:

DE CLARE, Richard Fitzgilbert, Earl Of Hertford, Birth : BEF 1100, Death : 15 APR 1136 Abergavenny

Parents:

Child of ADELIZA DE KEVELIOCK and SIR-RICHARD DE CLARE is:

22. DAUGHTER-OF-HENRY-I¹⁶ MATILDA (HENRY-1 KING OF¹⁵ ENGLAND, WILLIAM-11 KING OF¹⁴, WILLIAM-1 KING OF¹³, ROBERT-1 DUKE OF¹² NORMANDY, RICHARD-11 THE 4TH DUKE¹¹, RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) was born 1102 in Winchester, Hampshire, England, and died 09 10 1169 in Rouen, France. She married GEOFFREY IV. He was born 08 24 1113, and died 09 7 1151 in Le Mans, Maine, France.

More About DAUGHTER-OF-HENRY-I MATILDA:

Burial: 09 1169, Bec Abbey, France (possibly)

Notes for GEOFFREY IV:

Geoffrey IV

24 AUG 1113 - 7 SEP 1151

BIRTH: 24 AUG 1113

DEATH: 7 SEP 1151, Le Mans, Maine, France

BURIAL: SEP 1151, Le Mans Cathedral, Le Mans, France

EVENT: Geoffrey Plantagenet, Geoffrey the Fair, (French) Geoffroi Le Bel

Father: Fulk or Foulques V

Mother: Arenburga of Maine

Family 1 : Matilda, Daughter of Henry 1 King of England

MARRIAGE: JUN 1128, Le Mans, France

+Henry II,

Geoffrey VI

William

Child of DAUGHTER-OF-HENRY-I MATILDA and GEOFFREY is:

23. SIR-ROGER¹⁷ DE CLARE (ADELIZA¹⁶ DE KEVELIOCK, HUGH "DE KEVELIOC¹⁵ DE MESCHINES, SIR-RANULPH DE GURNON¹⁴, SIR-RANULPH¹³, SIR-RANULF¹², ALIX OF¹¹ NORMANDY, RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) He married MAUD DE ST. HILARY.

Notes for SIR-ROGER DE CLARE:

DE CLARE, Sir Roger 2nd Earl Of Hertford

Child of SIR-ROGER DE CLARE and MAUD ST. HILARY is:

24. HENRY-II-KING-OF-ENGLAND¹⁷ (DAUGHTER-OF-HENRY-I¹⁶ MATILDA, HENRY-1 KING OF¹⁵ ENGLAND, WILLIAM-11 KING OF¹⁴, WILLIAM-1 KING OF¹³, ROBERT-1 DUKE OF¹² NORMANDY, RICHARD-11 THE 4TH DUKE¹¹, RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) was born 03 5 1132/33 in Le Mans, France, and died 07 6 1189 in Chinon, near Tours, France. He married ELEANOR OF ACQUITAINE 05 18 1152 in Bordeaux, France. She was born 1122 in Bordeaux, France or Berlin, Germany, and died 04 1 1204 in Fontevrault Abbey, Anjou, France.

Notes for HENRY-II-KING-OF-ENGLAND:

Henry II, (King of England (1154-1189))

[27]

5 MAR 1133 - 6 JUL 1189

TITLE: King of England (1154-1189)

BIRTH: 5 MAR 1133, Le Mans, France

DEATH: 6 JUL 1189, Chinon, near Tours, France

BURIAL: JUL 1189, Fontevrault Abbey, Anjou, France

EVENT: Henry of Anjou, Henry Plantagenet, Henry FitzEmpress, or Henry Curtmantle (Short Mantle)

AKA:

Father: Geoffrey IV

Mother: Matilda,

Family 1 : Eleanor of Acquitaine

MARRIAGE: 18 MAY 1152, Bordeaux, France

William,

Henry,

Richard I, The Lionheart or Lionhearted,

Geoffrey,

+John LACKLAND

Matilda,

+Eleanor,

Joan,

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

More About HENRY-II-KING-OF-ENGLAND:

Burial: 07 1189, Fontevrault Abbey, Anjou, France

Notes for ELEANOR OF ACQUITAINE:

Eleanor of Acquitaine

[44]

ABT 1122 - 1 APR 1204

BIRTH: ABT 1122, Bordeaux, France or Berlin, Germany

DEATH: 1 APR 1204, Fontevrault Abbey, Anjou, France

BURIAL: Fontevrault Abbey, Anjou, France

EVENT: Elenore of Guyenne

AKA:

Father: William X,

Family 1 : Henry II,

MARRIAGE: 18 MAY 1152, Bordeaux, France

William,

Henry,

Richard I, The Lionheart or Lionhearted,

Geoffrey,

+John LACKLAND

Matilda,

+Eleanor,

Joan,

Female Heroes

Eleanor of Aquitaine

© 2001 Women In World History Curriculu

This is the second in a series of Female Heroes from the Time of the Crusades

Eleanor of Aquitaine enters Constantinople, 1147 A.D.

Illustration from Women Warlords, Tim Newark, Blandford Press, UK, 1989.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Eleanor of Aquitaine was one of the most powerful and fascinating personalities of feudal Europe. At age 15 she married Louis VII, King of France, bringing into the union her vast possessions from the River Loire to the Pyrenees. Only a few years later, at age 19, she knelt in the cathedral of Vézelay before the celebrated Abbé Bernard of Clairvaux offering him thousands of her vassals for the Second Crusade. It was said that Queen Eleanor appeared at Vézelay dressed like an Amazon galloping through the crowds on a white horse, urging them to join the crusades.

While the church may have been pleased to receive her thousand fighting vassals, they were less happy when they learned that Eleanor, attended by 300 of her ladies, also planned to go to help "tend the wounded."

The presence of Eleanor, her ladies and wagons of female servants, was criticized by commentators throughout her adventure. Dressed in armor and carrying lances, the women never fought. And when they reached the city of Antioch, Eleanor found herself deep in a renewed friendship with Raymond, her uncle, who had been appointed prince of the city. Raymond, only a few years older than Eleanor, was far more interesting and handsome than Eleanor's husband, Louis. When Raymond decided that the best strategic objective of the Crusade would be to recapture Edessa, thus protecting the Western presence in the Holy Land, Eleanor sided with his view. Louis, however, was fixated on reaching Jerusalem, a less sound goal. Louis demanded that Eleanor follow him to Jerusalem. Eleanor, furious, announced to one and all that their marriage was not valid in the eyes of God, for they were related through some family connections to an extent prohibited by the Church. Wounded by her claim, Louis nonetheless forced Eleanor to honor her marriage vows and ride with him. The expedition did fail, and a defeated Eleanor and Louis returned to France in separate ships.

On her way home, while resting in Sicily, Eleanor was brought the news that her fair haired uncle had been killed in battle, and his head delivered to the Caliph of Baghdad. Although her marriage to Louis continued for a time, and she bore him two daughters, the relationship was over. In 1152 the marriage was annulled and her vast estates reverted to Eleanor's control. Within a year, at age thirty, she married twenty year old Henry who two years later became king of England.

In the papal bull for the next Crusade, it expressly forbade women of all sorts to join the expedition. All the Christian monarchs, including King Louis, agreed to this. But by this time Eleanor had problems of her own in her marriage to King Henry II of England.

Clink here to find out what happened to Eleanor after she returned from the Crusades.

More About ELEANOR OF ACQUITAINE:

Burial: Fontevrault Abbey, Anjou, France

Children of HENRY-II-KING-OF-ENGLAND and ELEANOR ACQUITAINE are:

25. ALVELINE¹⁸ DE CLARE (SIR-ROGER¹⁷, ADELIZA¹⁶ DE KEVELIOCK, HUGH "DE KEVELIOC¹⁵ DE MESCHINES, SIR-RANULPH DE GURNON¹⁴, SIR-RANULPH¹³, SIR-RANULF¹², ALIX OF¹¹ NORMANDY, RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) was born 1173, and died 06 4 1225. She married SIR-GEOFFREY FITZ-PIERS. He was born 1165, and died 10 14 1213.

Notes for SIR-GEOFFREY FITZ-PIERS:

FITZ-PIERS, Geoffrey 4th Earl Of Essex , Birth : 1165, Death : 14 OCT 1213

Parents:

Child of ALVELINE DE CLARE and SIR-GEOFFREY FITZ-PIERS is:

26. RICHARD-I THE LIONHEART OR¹⁸ LIONHEARTED (HENRY-II-KING-OF-ENGLAND¹⁷, DAUGHTER-OF-HENRY-I¹⁶ MATILDA, HENRY-1 KING OF¹⁵ ENGLAND, WILLIAM-11 KING OF¹⁴, WILLIAM-1 KING OF¹³, ROBERT-1 DUKE OF¹² NORMANDY, RICHARD-11 THE 4TH DUKE¹¹, RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) was born 09 8 1157 in Beaumont Palace, Oxford, England, and died 04 6 1199 in Chalus Castle, Aquitaine, France. He married (1) JOAN DE ST POL. He married (2) BERENGIA DAUGHTER OF SANCHOVI, KING OF NAVARRE 05 12 1191 in Limassol, Cyprus.

Richard I, The Lionheart or Lionhearted, (King of England (1189-1199))

[30]

8 SEP 1157 - 6 APR 1199

TITLE: King of England (1189-1199)

BIRTH: 8 SEP 1157, Beaumont Palace, Oxford, England

DEATH: 6 APR 1199, Chalus Castle, Aquitaine, France

BURIAL: 1199, Fontevrault Abbey, Anjou, France

Father: Henry II,

Richard I, the Lion-hearted, spent much of his youth in his mother's court at Poitiers. Richard cared much more for the continental possessions of his mother than for England - he also cared much more for his mother than for his father. Family considerations influenced much of his life: he fought along side of his brothers Prince Henry and Geoffrey in their rebellion of 1173-4; he fought for his father against his brothers when they supported an 1183 revolt in Aquitane; and he joined Philip II of France against his father in 1188, defeating Henry in 1189.

Richard spent but six months of his ten-year reign in England. He acted upon a promise to his father to join the Third Crusade and departed for the Holy Land in 1190 (accompanied by his partner-rival Philip II of France). In 1191, he conquered Cyprus en route to Jerusalem and performed admirably against Saladin, nearly taking the holy city twice. Philip II, in the meantime, returned to France and schemed with Richard's brother John. The Crusade failed in its primary objective of liberating the Holy Land from Moslem Turks, but did have a positive result - easier access to the region for Christian pilgrims through a truce with Saladin. Richard received word of John's treachery and decided to return home; he was captured by Leopold V of Austria and imprisoned by Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI. The administrative machinery of Henry II insured the continuance of royal authority, as Richard was unable to return to his realm until 1194. Upon his return, he crushed a coup attempt by John and regained lands lost to Philip II during the German captivity. Richard's war with Philip continued sporadically until the French were finally defeated near Gisors in 1198.

Richard died April 6, 1199, from a wound received in a skirmish at the castle of Chalus in the Limousin. Near his death, Richard finally reconciled his position with his late father, as evidenced by Sir Richard Baker in A Chronicle of the Kings of England: "The remorse for his undutifulness towards his father, was living in him till he died; for at his death he remembered it with bewailing, and desired to be buried as near him as might be, perhaps as thinking they should meet the sooner, that he might ask him forgiveness in another world." Richard's prowess and courage in battle earned him the nickname Coeur De Lion ("heart of the lion"), but the training of his mother's court is revealed in a verse Richard composed during his german captivity:

No one will tell me the cause of my sorrow. Why they have made me a prisoner here. Wherefore with colour I now make my moan; Friends had I many but help have I none. Shameful it is that they leave me to ransom, To languish here two winters long.

Richard I's Genealogy

A guide to the monarch's ancestors and offspring. These trails can lead you through the history of Europe's royal houses and to some unexpected places

More About RICHARD-I THE LIONHEART OR LIONHEARTED:

Burial: 1199, Fontevrault Abbey, Anjou, France

Child of RICHARD-I LIONHEARTED and JOAN ST POL is:

Child of RICHARD-I LIONHEARTED and BERENGIA SANCHO is:

27. KING-JOHN LACKLAND KING OF¹⁸ ENGLAND (HENRY-II-KING-OF-ENGLAND¹⁷, DAUGHTER-OF-HENRY-I¹⁶ MATILDA, HENRY-1 KING OF¹⁵ ENGLAND, WILLIAM-11 KING OF¹⁴, WILLIAM-1 KING OF¹³, ROBERT-1 DUKE OF¹² NORMANDY, RICHARD-11 THE 4TH DUKE¹¹, RICHARD-111 5TH DUKE OF¹⁰, RICHARD-II "THE GOOD" 4TH DUKE OF⁹, RICHARD I "THE FEARLESS" 3RD DUKE OF⁸, SIR-WILLIAM I LONGSWORD 2ND DUKE OF⁷, ROLLO THE DANE 1ST DUKE OF⁶, RAGNVALD I THE WISE OF MORE⁵ EYSTEINSSON, EYSTEIN "THE NOISY"⁴ GLUMRA, IVAR OPLAENDINGE JARL OF³ UPLANDERS, HALFDAN² "THE OLD " HRINGSSON KING IN RINGERIK, SIGURD RING KING AT¹ LETHRA, NORWAY 710 A.D.) was born 12 24 1167 in Beaumont Palace, Oxford, England, and died 10 1216 in Newark Castle, Nottinghamshire, England. He married (1) ISABELLA DE CLARE 08 29 1189 in Marlborough Castle, Wiltshire, England. He married (2) ISABELLA OF ANGOULÊME (BORDEAUX TO TAILLEFER) 08 24 1200. She was born 1188 in Angoulême, France, and died 05 31 1246 in Fontevraud Abbey.

Notes for KING-JOHN LACKLAND KING OF ENGLAND:

John "Lackland" [1167-1216] - English monarch

King of England (1199-1216); King of Ireland (1177); Count of Mortain (1189); Earl of Gloucester.

Born: 24 December 1167 at Beaumont Palace, Oxford

Died: 18 October 1216 at Newark Castle, Nottinghamshire

Buried: Worcester Cathedral, Worcester

Parents: Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitane

Siblings: William, Henry, Matilda, Richard, Geoffrey, Eleanor & Joan

Crowned: 27 May 1199 at Westminster Abbey, Middlesex

Married: (1st) 29th August 1189 at Marlborough Castle, Wiltshire; (2nd) 24 August 1200 at Bordeaux Cathedral

Spouse: (1st) Isabella daughter of William, Earl of Gloucester; (2nd) Isabella daughter of Aymer Taillefer, Count of Angouleme

Offspring: (1st) None; (2nd) Henry, Richard, Joan, Isabella & Eleanor; (Illegitimate) At least twelve

Contemporaries: Philip II (King of France, 1180-1223); Innocent III (Pope, 1198-1216); Llywelyn the Great (King of Wales, 1208-1240); Stephen Langdon (Archbishop of Canterbury)

John, Lackland

Plantagenet, Angevin Line -- Reigned: 1199-1216

1167-1216

John was born on Christmas Eve 1167. His parents drifted apart soon after his birth leaving his childhood divided between his eldest brother Henry's house, where he learned the art of knighthood, and the house of his father's justiciar, Ranulf Glanvil, where he learned the business of government.

As the fourth child, inherited lands were not available to him, giving rise to his nickname, Lackland. His first marriage lasted but ten years and was fruitless, but his second wife, Isabella of Angouleme, bore him two sons and three daughters. He also had an illegitimate daughter, Joan, who married Llywelyn the Great, Ruler of All Wales, from which the Tudor line of monarchs descended.

The survival of the English government during John's reign is a testament to the reforms of his father, Henry II, as John taxed the system socially, economically, and judicially.

The Angevin family feuds profoundly marked John. He and Richard clashed in 1184 following Richard's refusal to honor his father's wishes to surrender Aquitane to John. The following year Henry II sent John to rule Ireland, but John alienated both the native Irish and the transplanted Anglo-Normans who had emigrated to carve out new lordships for themselves; the experiment was a total failure and John returned home within six months.

After Richard gained the throne in 1189, he gave John vast estates in an unsuccessful attempt to appease his younger brother. John failed to overthrow Richard's administrators during Richard's German captivity and conspired with Philip II in another failed coup attempt. Upon Richard's release from captivity in 1194, John was forced to sue for pardon and he spent the next five years in his brother's shadow.

John's reign was troubled in many respects. A quarrel with the Church resulted in England being placed under an interdict in 1207, with John actually excommunicated two years later. The dispute centered on John's stubborn refusal to install the papal candidate, Stephen Langdon, as Archbishop of Canterbury. The issue was not resolved until John surrendered to the wishes of Pope Innocent III and paid tribute for England as the Pope's vassal.

John proved extremely unpopular with his subjects. In addition to the Irish debacle, he inflamed his French vassals by orchestrating the murder of his popular nephew, Arthur of Brittany. By spring 1205, he had lost the last of his French possessions to Philip II and returned to England.

The final ten years of his reign were occupied with failed attempts to regain the lost territories from Philip. His ever increasing demands for money and fighting men for his dismal campaigns aroused the ire of the barons. Finally, in 1215 the barons came together and demanded John's written guarantee of certain rights and privileges in exchange for their military support. At first John refused to sign the document offered and the discontented barons revolted. They captured London in May 1215 and held the city until John relented.

At Runnymeade in June 1215, John succumbed to pressure from the barons, the Church, and the English people at-large, and set with his seal on June 15 a draft of stipulations known as Articles of the barons (now lost). On June 19 a document was finalized as the Magna Carta (Great Charter). The document, a declaration of feudal rights, stressed three points:

First, the Church was free to make ecclesiastic appointments.

Second, larger-than-normal amounts of money could only be collected with the consent of the king's feudal tenants.

Third, no freeman was to be punished except within the context of established common law.

Magna Carta, although a testament to John's complete failure as monarch, was the forerunner of modern constitutions. John only signed the document as a means of buying time and his hesitance to implement its principles compelled the nobility to seek French assistance. The barons offered the throne to Philip II's son, Louis.

John died, 18 October 1216 at Newark Castle, Nottinghamshire, from battle wounds received in a two-front war: an invasion from the French in the South and rebellion from his barons in the North. He was remembered in elegant fashion by Sir Richard Baker in A Chronicle of the Kings of England:

". . . his works of piety were very many . . . as for his actions, he neither came to the crown by justice, nor held it with any honour, nor left it peace."

Other Information:

Born: 24 December 1167 at Beaumont Palace, Oxford

Died: 18 October 1216 at Newark Castle, Nottinghamshire

Buried: Worcester Cathedral, Worcester

Parents: Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitane

Siblings: William, Henry, Matilda, Richard, Geoffrey, Eleanor, and Joan

Crowned: 27 May 1199 at Westminster Abbey, Middlesex

Married:

(1st) 29th August 1189 at Marlborough Castle, Wiltshire

(2nd) 24 August 1200 at Bordeaux Cathedral

Spouse:

(1st) Isabella daughter of William, Earl of Gloucester

(2nd) Isabella daughter of Aymer Taillefer, Count of Angouleme

Offspring:

(1st) None

(2nd) Henry, Richard, Joan, Isabella, and Eleanor

(Illegitimate) At least twelve

John LACKLAND (King of England (1199-1216))

[31]

24 DEC 1167 - OCT 1216

TITLE: King of England (1199-1216)

BIRTH: 24 DEC 1167, Beaumont Palace, Oxford, England

DEATH: OCT 1216, Newark Castle, Nottinghamshire, England

BURIAL: 1216, Worchester Cathedral, Worcester, Worcestershire, England

EVENT: (French) Jean sans Terre

AKA:

Father: Henry II,

Mother: Eleanor of Acquitaine

Family 1 : Isabella DE CLARE

MARRIAGE: 29 AUG 1189, Marlborough Castle, Wiltshire, England

ANNULMENT: 1199

Family 2 : Isabella of Angoulême

MARRIAGE: 24 AUG 1200

+Henry III,

Richard,

Joan,

Isabella,

Eleanor,

More About KING-JOHN LACKLAND KING OF ENGLAND:

Burial: 1216, Worchester Cathedral, Worcester, Worcestershire, England

Child of KING-JOHN ENGLAND and ISABELLA DE CLARE is:

Child of KING-JOHN ENGLAND and ISABELLA TAILLEFER) is: