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Avoiding Feedback, Rooms

Anyone who has ever engineered audio in more than one room knows not all rooms are the same. A simple understanding of what happens to sound within a room helps to decide what equipment to use and where to place it. Consider the room as another component of the audio system, one with very few variables.

Construction materials, finishes, wall size ratios & orientation, ceiling height, floor covering, furnishings, occupancy, to name some, are factors which contribute to the acoustic character of a room. Being familiar with these functions and how they contribute to a room's sound will better enable you to use it optimally.

Here are some general rules of thumb:

  • Walls constructed of drywall over studs leak bass. Much of the low frequency energy goes right through these walls. Concrete, block or earth walls (below grade) on the other hand channel bass, sometimes acting like large low frequency horns.

  • Materials absorb frequencies according to thickness. Thicker materials absorb sound down to lower frequencies than thinner materials. A typical 1/4 inch carpet for example absorbs mostly everything above 4Khz and progressively less below this frequency, absorbing virtually nothing below about 800 Hz.

  • Broadband diffusion is always desirable. Abruptly alternating rectangular surfaces of varying heights and sizes are highly diffusive. Elliptical and splayed surfaces, though not as diffusive, help tame flutter echoes as well.

Recognizing these surfaces within a room will give you an idea of what happens to sound once it leaves the loudspeakers.

Be especially attentive to paths of reflection. It's quite common to get feedback from stage monitors when the sound is reflected back into the microphones via a stage wall. Sometimes it's less obvious. Even a nearby reflective surface such as that of a piano or other instrument can initiate feedback.

If the room is fairly live, feedback will occur via multiple reflections from the main loudspeakers. Sound from these bounces around the room several times before reaching the microphones. This can be a very difficult and frustrating situation to work in. Without changing the room, loudspeaker directivity and careful placement are keys to solving this problem. Focusing sound at the listeners and keeping it off the walls will go a long way in managing this source of feedback.


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