Suggested References Related to Ethics & Development

To start, the most important work ever published on the subject, in my opinion, is Chapter 2 of Peter Unger's Living High and Letting Die (Oxford, 1996). Actually, this is the best 37 pages I have ever read.

My vote for the second most important work, partly because of its lucid style and straightforward persuasiveness and partly due to its historical significance, is Peter Singer's1972 article "Famine, Affluence and Morality", originally appearing in Philosophy and Public Affairs, 1: 229-243, and since reprinted widely. More recently, see "The Singer Solution to World Poverty", New York Times Magazine, September 5, 1999.

Other References

Articles

Adams, Robert Merrihew (1984). Saints. The Journal of Philosophy 81 (7), 392-401.

Baron, Marcia (1991). Impartiality and Friendship. Ethics 101 (4), 836-857.

Becker, Lawrence C. (1991). Impartiality and Ethical Theory. Ethics 101 (4), 698-700.

Beitz, Charles R. (1981). Economic Rights and Distributive Justice in Developing Societies. World Politics 33 (3), 321-346.

Beitz, Charles R. (1983). Cosmopolitan Ideals and National Sentiment. The Journal of Philosophy 80 (10), Part 1 : Eightieth Annual Meeting of the American Philosophical Association, Eastern Division, 591-600.

Bishop, Matthew (2001). Does Inequality Matter? The Economist Special Supplement June 16^th-22^nd, 2001, Volume 359, Number 8226, 3-18.

Bratman, Michael E. (1994). Kagan on The Appeal to Cost. Ethics 104 (2), 325-332.

Brock, Dan W. (1991). Defending Moral Options. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 51 (4), 909-913.

Buchanan, Allen (1992). Justice, Distributive. Encyclopedia of Ethics. Becker, Lawrence C. (ed). vol.1. New York: Garland Publishing.

Clark, Stephen R.L. (1999). Review of Living High and Letting Die. Philosophy 74 (287), 128-130.

Cohen, L. Jonathan (1981). Who is starving whom ? Theoria 47, 65-81.

Cottingham, John (1986). Partiality, Favouritism and Morality. Philosophical Quarterly 36 (144), 357-373.

Cottingham, John (1991). The Ethics of Self-Concern. Ethics 101 (4), 798-817.

Cullity, Garrett (1994). International Aid and the Scope of Kindness. Ethics 105, 99-127.

Deigh, John (1991). Impartiality: A Closing Note. Ethics 101 (4), 858-864.

Dower, Nigel (1983). World Poverty: Challenge and Response. England: Ebor Press.

Dower, Nigel (1991). 'World Poverty' in Peter Singer (ed) (1991) A Companion to Ethics. Cambridge: Basil Blackwell.

Exdell, John (1977). Distributive Justice: Nozick on Property Rights. Ethics 87 (2), 142-149.

Farrell, Daniel M. (1999). Review of Living High and Letting Die. Ethics July 1999, 931-938.

Feldman, Fred (1998). Review of Living High and Letting Die. NOUS 32 (1), 138-147.

Feldman, Fred (1999). Comments on Living High and Letting Die. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research LIX (1).

Friedman, Marilyn (1991). The Practice of Partiality. Ethics 101 (4), 818-835.

Gordon, David (1998). With Charity Toward Too Many. The Mises Review. Auburn, Alabama: The Ludwig von Mises Institute. Spring 1998.

Hanna, Robert (1998). Must We Be Good Samaritans? Canadian Journal of Philosophy 28 (3), 453-470.

Herman, Barbara (1991). Agency, Attachment, and Difference. Ethics 101 (4), 775-797.

Hooker, Brad (1997). The Limits of Self-Sacrifice ' 'Futility Thinking' and the 'Oxfam Case' (Review of Living High and Letting Die). Times Literary Supplement No. 4896, January 31, 1997, 26.

Hooker, Brad (1999). Sacrificing for the Good of Strangers - Repeatedly. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research LIX (1).

James, Susan (1982). The Duty to Relieve Suffering. Ethics 93, 4-21.

Kagan, Shelly (1984). Does Consequentialism Demand too Much? Recent Works on the Limits of Obligation. Philosophy and Public Affairs 13 (3), 239-254.

Kagan, Shelly (1989). The Limits of Morality. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Kagan, Shelly (1991). Précis of The Limits of Morality. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 51 (4), 897-901.

Kagan, Shelly (1991). Replies to My Critics. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 51 (4), 919-928.

Kamm, F.M. (1989). Harming Some To Save Others. Philosophical Studies 57, 227-260.

Louden, Robert B. (1988). Can We Be Too Moral? Ethics 98 (2), 361-378.

MacIntyre, Alasdair (1983). The Magic in the Pronoun 'My'. Ethics XCIV, 113-125.

MacIntyre, Alasdair (1984). Is Patriotism a Virtue?. The Lindley Lecture, University of Kansas March 26, 1984,

McGinn, Colin (1996). Saint Elsewhere (Review of Living High and Letting Die). The New Republic October 14,1996, 54-57.

Mulgan, Tim (2000). Living High and Letting Die (Review). Mind , vol. 109, no. 434, April 2000, 397-400.

Murphy, Liam B. (1993). The Demands of Beneficence. Philosophy and Public Affairs 22 (4), 267-292.

Nagel, Thomas (1980). The Limits of Objectivity, in McMurrin, Sterling M. (ed). The Tanner Lectures on Human Values Volume I. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Narveson, Jan (1962). Aesthetics, Charity, Utility and Distributive Justice. The Monist 56, 551.

Narveson, Jan (1999). Why Should America Care? Ag Bioethics Forum. Iowa State University. June 1999, Vol. 11 No.1.

Nielsen, Kai (1985). Ideal and Non-Ideal Theory: How Should We Approach Questions of Global Justice? The International Journal of Applied Philosophy 2 (3), 33-41.

Nussbaum, Martha C. (1996). Unlocal Hero. The New Republic October 28, 1996, 36-42.

Oldenquist, Andrew (1982). Loyalties. The Journal of Philosophy LXXIX (4), 173-193.

Oxfam (2000). Growth With Equity is Good for the Poor. Oxfam Policy Papers June 2000.

Oxfam (May 2001). Rigged Trade and Not Much Aid: How Rich Countries Help to Keep the Least Developed Countries Poor. London: Oxfam International.

Pogge, Thomas W. (1999). Take and Give. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research LIX (1).

Rorty, Richard (1996). Moral Universalism and Economic Triage. UNESCO Philosophy Forum 1996.

Sen, Amartya (1994). Population: Delusion and Reality. New York Times Review of Books, September 22, 1994, 62-71.

Shue, Henry (1982). The Geography of Justice: Beitz's Critique of Skepticism and Statism. Ethics 92 (4), 710-719.

Shue, Henry (1983). The Burdens of Justice. The Journal of Philosophy 80 (10), Part 1: Eightieth Annual Meeting of the American Philosophical Association, Eastern Division, 600-608.

Shue, Henry (1988). Mediating Duties. Ethics 98 (4), 687-704.

Shue, Henry (2001). A Conversation about World Hunger and Human Rights (Video). Interview by Lawrence M. Hinman. Cornell University, March 2, 2001.

Singer, Peter (1972). Famine, Affluence and Morality. Philosophy and Public Affairs 1, 229-243.

Singer, Peter (1999). (On) Living High and Letting Die. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research LIX (1).

Singer, Peter (1999). The Singer Solution to World Poverty. New York Times Magazine September 5, 1999.

Spoerl, Joseph S. (2000). Review of Living High and Letting Die. American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly, LXXIV (4), 679-682.

Steiner, Hillel (1978). Nozick on Appropriation. Mind New Series 87 (345), 109-110.

Temkin, Larry S. Why Should America Care? A Response. Ag Bioethics Forum. Iowa State University. June 1999, Vol. 11, No.1.

Unger, Peter (1992). Causing and Preventing Serious Harm. Philosophical Studies 65, 227-255.

Unger, Peter (1999). Précis of Living High and Letting Die. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research LIX (1).

Unger, Peter (1999). Replies. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research LIX (1).

Waldron, Jeremy (1979). Enough and as Good Left for Others. Philosophical Quarterly 29 (117), 319-328.

Walzer, Michael (1980). The Moral Standing of States: A Response to Four Critics. Philosophy and Public Affairs 9 (3), 209-229.

Ware, Robert (1997). Living High and Letting Die (Review). Dialogue 38, 2 (1999), 428-430.

Whelan, John M. Jr. (1991). Famine and Charity. The Southern Journal of Philosophy XXIX (1), 149-166.

White Man's Burden. The Economist Volume 328, Number 7830, September 25, 1993.

Wilson, Catherine (1993). On Some Alleged Limitations to Moral Endeavor. The Journal of Philosophy 90 (6), 275-289.

Wolf, Susan (1982). Moral Saints. The Journal of Philosophy LXXIX (8), 419-439.

Wolf, Susan (1992). Morality and Partiality. Philosophical Perspectives, 6, Issue Ethics, 1992, 243-258.

Books

Aiken, William and La Follette, Hugh (eds) (1977). World Hunger and Moral Obligation. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.

Aiken, William and La Follette, Hugh (eds) (1996). World Hunger and Morality. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.

Bauer, P.T. (1981). Western Guilt and Third World Poverty in Equality, the Third World, and Economic Delusion. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Arthur, John and Shaw, William H. (1978). Justice and Economic Distribution. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. 1991.

Attfield, Robin and Wilkins, Barry (eds) (1992). International Justice and the Third World. London: Routledge.

Barry, Brian (1980). Do Countries Have Moral Obligations ? The Case of World Poverty in McMurrin, Sterling M. (ed). The Tanner Lectures on Human Values Volume II. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press . 1981.

Bauer, P.T. (1981). Western Guilt and Third World Poverty in Equality, the Third World, and Economic Delusion. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Beckmann, David; Agarwala, Ramgopal; Burmester; Sven; Serageldin; Ismail; Conable, Barber B. (1991). Friday Morning Reflections at the World Bank: Essays on Values and Development. Washington: Steven Locks Press.

Beitz, Charles R. (1979). Political Theory and International Relations. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 1999.

Beitz, Charles; Cohen, Marshall; Scanlon, Thomas and Simmons, A. John (eds) (1985). International Ethics. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 1990.

Brown, Peter G. and  Shue, Henry (eds) (1977). Food Policy: The Responsibility of the United States in Life and Death Choices. New York: The Free Press.

Brown, Peter G. and Shue, Henry (eds) (1981). Boundaries: National Autonomy and its Limits. New Jersey: Rowman and Littlefield.

Callahan, Daniel and Clark, Philip G. (eds) (1981). Ethical Issues in Population Aid: Culture, Economics and International Assistance. New York: Irvington Publishers.

Chomsky, Noam (1994). The Prosperous Few and the Restless Many. David Barsamian (interviewer). California: Odonian Press. 1996.

Cohen, G.A. (1986). Self-Ownership, World-Ownership, and Equality in Lucash, Frank S. (ed). Justice and Equality Here and Now. London: Cornell University Press.

Dower, Nigel (1998). World Ethics: The New Agenda. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Drèze, Jean and Sen, Amartya (eds) (1990). The Political Economy of Hunger: Vol.1, Entitlement and Well-Being.  Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Drèze, Jean and Sen, Amartya (1989). Hunger and Public Action. Calcutta: Oxford University Press. 1993.

Ehrlich, Paul R.(1968). The Population Bomb. New York: Ballantine Books.

Ellis, Anthony (ed) (1986). Ethics and International Relations Volume 2. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

Fishkin, James S. (1982). The Limits of Obligation. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Friedman, Milton (1958). Foreign Economic Aid: Means and Objectives. Palo Alto: Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace-Stanford University Press. 1995.

Friedman, Thomas L. (1999). The Lexus and the Olive Tree. New York: Anchor Books. 2000.

Galbraith, John Kenneth (1962). Economic Development. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 1964.

Galbraith, John Kenneth (1996). The Good Society: The Humane Agenda. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company.

Galbraith, John Kenneth (2000). Economics and Development in the Twenty-first Century. Remarks on the occasion of his and Amartya Sen's receipt of the Leontief Prize at Tufts University, on March 27, 2000. Available at <http://ase.tufts.edu/gdae/events/Leontief/galbraith.htm>

Goulet, Denis (1974). A New Moral Order: Studies in Development Ethics and Liberation Theology. New York: Orbis Books.

Hancock, Graham (1989). Lords of Poverty. Berkshire, Britain: Mandarin. 1994.

Hoffman, Stanley (1981). Duties Beyond Borders, On The Limits and Possibilities of Ethical International Politics. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press.

Lucas, George R Jr. and Ogletree, Thomas W. (eds) (1976). Lifeboat Ethics: The Moral Dilemmas of World Hunger. New York: Harper and Row.

Luper-Foy, Steven (ed) (1988). Problems of International Justice. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press.

Malthus, Thomas (1960). On Population. New York: Modern Library. Originally published in 1798 as An Essay on the Principle of Population, as It Affects the Future Improvement of Society, With Remarks on the Speculations of Mr. Godwin, Mr. Condorcet, and other Writers.

Morgan, Elizabeth and Wiegel, Van (1989). Global Poverty and Personal Responsibility. New York: Paulist Press.

Nagel, Thomas (1979). Mortal Questions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Nagel, Thomas (1986). The View From Nowhere. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Narveson, Jan (ed) (1983). Moral Issues. Toronto: Oxford University Press.

Nozick, Robert (1974). Anarchy, State, and Utopia. New York: Basic Books.

O'Neill, Onora (1986). Faces of Hunger: An Essay on Poverty, Justice and Development. Boston: Allen & Unwin

Parfit, Derek (1984). Reasons and Persons. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Pennock, J. Roland and Chapman, John W. (eds) (1982). Ethics, Economics, and the Law: Nomos XXIV. New York: New York University Press.

Rawls, John (1971). A Theory of Justice. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 1997.

Scheffler, Samuel (1982). The Rejection of Consequentialism. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Schumacher, E.F. (1973). Small is Beautiful: Economics as if People Mattered. New York: Harper and Row.

Sen, Amartya (1981). Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1982.

Sen, Amartya (1999). Development as Freedom. New York: Alfred A. Knopf Inc.

Shue, Henry (1980). Basic Rights: Subsistence, Affluence and U.S. Foreign Policy.  Princeton: Princeton University Press. 1996.

Sikora, R.I. and Barry, Brian (eds) (1978). Obligations to Future Generations. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Singer, Peter (ed) (1986). Applied Ethics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1988.

Singer, Peter (1993). How Are We To Live ? Ethics in an Age of Self-Interest. Amherst, New York: Prometheus Books. 1995.

Singer, Peter (1993). Practical Ethics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1995.

Smart, J.J.C. and Williams, Bernard (1973). Utilitarianism: For and Against. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Thomson, Judith Jarvis (1986). Rights, Restitution & Risk: Essays in Moral Theory.  William Parent (ed). Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Unger, Peter (1996). Living High and Letting Die: Our Illusion of Innocence. New York: Oxford University Press.

Walzer, Michael (1983). Spheres of Justice. U.S.A: Basic Books.

Williams, Bernard (1981). Moral Luck: Philosophical Papers 1973-1980. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1995.

Williams, Bernard (1985). Ethics and The Limits of Philosophy. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Wright, Moorehead (ed) (1986). Rights and Obligations in North-South Relations: Ethical Dimensions of Global Problems. London: Macmillan Press.