Unit A: Mix and flow of matter

Key Questions

            what are fluids ?

            what they made made of?

            how do we use them ?

            what properties are important in their use?

Key Concepts

    1.) WHMIS symbols and nomenclature.    

    2.) Pure substances mixtures and solutions

    3. ) Concentration

    4. ) Solubility ad saturation points

    5. ) Particle model of in alter

    6.) Properties of fluids

    7.) Viscosity and flaw rate.

    8.) Mass, Volume, density

    9.) Pressure

At the beginning of every unit I will give you an outline that you can use to follow our progress or help you review things we have covered already.

Where are we going to go in this unit?

(click the suitcase to find out!)

Topic One: Matter on the Move

      State of matter is a substance that has neither a definite volume or shape  (eg. oxygen )          

    The State of matter where a substance has a definite volume but a non- definite shape (eg. water)

      The State of matter where a substance has a definite shape and volume (eg. sugar cube)

1. All substances are made of tiny particles.

2. All particles in a pure substance are the same.

Different pure substances are made of different particles.

3. The particles have spaces between them.

    4. The particles are always in motion-vibrating, rotating, and

(in liquids and gases) moving from place to place.

The speed of particles increases/decreases when the

temperature increases/decreases.

5. The particles in a substance are attracted to one another.

The strength of attraction force depends on the

 type of particle (solid, liquid, gas).

Remembering solute and solvent

Solute

How is Matter Classified?       

Is there a limit to how much can dissolve?

    Yes!! If we have to much solute for the number of particles of the solvent, there will be

leftover particles since there are not any spaces left between the solvent's particles.

We could heat up the solvent and more would dissolve because . . . . . heating makes particles move faster and spread apart making more room for more solute particles.

Stains:

    What is a stain?

    Something that des not dissolve, in a particular solvent.

    Drycleaners: Use different solvents that have super-duper attraction for the particles

    of a stain.

Solubility : The ability do dissolve (usually in water)

If something has high solubility then we would expect : A high mass of solute to dissolve in a given volume of solvent.

Topic 3 Review:

1. Give 4 examples of naturally occurring mixtures, 2 from this topic, and 2 from your own experience. State whether each is homogeneous or heterogeneous.

2. a) What is a petroleum refinery?

    b) Name the progress that is used to refine petroleum. Explain how it works by drawing a simple  labelled sketch.

3. How is dehydration different from distillation as a method of removing a solute from a solvent?

4. Compare the distillation method with the desert tent evaporator. What is simular? What is different? Refer to the particle model of matter in your answer.

5. Sugar can be produced from three different raw materials: cane, beets, and maple sap. Regardless of the raw material, a lot of the feel is needed. Explain why?

6. Write  your own definition of filteration.

7. List six ways for separating the components of a mixture.

8. Apply Could settling be used to separate the components of petroleum? Explain why or why not.

Wrap-up: Topics 1-3:

Key terms:

Solid,   Homogeneous,   Mechanical mixture,   rate of dissolving,   liquid,   solution,   phases,   agitation,   gas,   heterogeneous,   dissolving,   saturated solution,   pure substance,   suspension,   solute,   unsaturated solution   properties   colliod   solvent   supersaturated solution   mixture   emulsion,   soluble   insoluble.

Reviewing Key Terms

1. Which of the key terms best matches each of these phrases? Write your answer in your note book.

a) a state of matter with no definite volume  

b) How fast a solute dissolves in a solvent

c) a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs

d) a heterogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs

e) separate parts of a mechanical mixture

f) able to be dissolved in a particular solvent

g) characteristics, such as colour, odour, and hardness

h) The substance that dissolves in a solvent to form a solution

Understanding Key Concepts

2. From Table 1.1 on pg 18, find

    a) 2 solutions that are gases

    b) a solution in which both solute and solvent are liquids

    c) a solution of gas in a liquid

3. a) what is the purpose of distillation? use the terms "solute" and "solvent" in your answer

    b) use the particle model of matter  to explain how distillation works.

 4. Apply In the past, people collected rainwater to use for washing hair and clothes. Why do you think people did this, rather than using water from a river or a well?

5.Thinking Critically The cleaning and stain-removal industry understands how to separate the components of a mixture. What can you add to a grass stain to separate it from the mixture of stain and clothing fibre?

6. List the solutes and solvents for these solutions:

    a) sweetened tea   b) coffee with cream 

    c) ocean water        d) orange soft drink

    e) perfume               f) mouthwash

    g) cherry kool-aid

Topic 4

Density

What is density?

-"Crowdedness" of particles/the compactedness of particles.

-it is measured by the amount of mass in a given volume.

-in our demo the volume was the imaginary elevator

-in our demo people were the mass

-the variable that we changed in our demo was the shape and size of our particles.

-this effected our particles by because they were bigger so we couldn't get as many particles into the same space and the density decreased because we couldn't get as many particles into the space.

Density= mass/volume

-the more particles that you have the more dense it is.

-the less particles you have the less dense it is.

Topic 4 review

1. list two materials that have a low viscosity and two that have a high viscosity.

2. what is the relationship between the viscosity of a liquid and its flow rate?

3. How can you test the viscosity of a liquid?

4. (a) What was the effect of temperature on the  flow rate - and thus the viscosity - of a liquid?

    (b) What is the effect of temperature on the viscosity of gases?

    (c) Explain these effects using the particle model?

5. THINKING CRITICALLY!  How are viscosity, the size and shape of particles, and internal friction related?

6.  APPLY!  Asphalt is a black, sticky material that binds gravel in the pavement that covers streets and high ways. Explain why paving is almost always done during the summer months?  

-Density is mass per volume of a substance

-Mass is the amount of matter in a substance.

-Volume is a measurement of the amount of space occupied by the substance.

-Weight is the force of gravity exerted on an object.

-Force is a push or a pull or anything that causes a change in the motion of an object.