ELECTRICITY WORKSHEET KEY   Animations 
Draw a picture of an atom in the frame below.  The atom must have 2 neutrons, 2 protons and 2 electrons. What are the 3 types of particles in an atom? neutrons, protons and electrons.
Electrons move around the nucleus in a region called an electron cloud.
How big is this cloud compared to the nucleus? The cloud is 100 000 times bigger than the nucleus.
Which has more mass - the nucleus or the electron cloud? The nucleus.
When an atom picks up an extra negative or positive charge it becomes an ion.
 
The simplest element is  one which has one proton and one electron. hydrogen
Elements on the right side of the periodic table are non-metals.  
When elements like oxygen and hydrogen combine they form compounds.
Elements combine together only when they share electrons.

An atom with a certain amount of electric charges is called an element.
How many elements are there?
What element do you get if you remove a proton from the nucleus of a lithium atom? helium.
  • How many states of matter exist in the universe?
  • Name them: solids   liquids   gases   plasma
  • Which state of matter is the most abundant in the universe?  plasma
  • Plasma exists at higher temperatures where molecules cannot exist.
  • Electrons become free of their atoms and become rapidly moving ions with high energy levels.
Electricity is simply the movement of charged particles.
Positive or negative charges not moving are called static.
Balloons rubbed on wool or hair pick up extra electrons and get attracted to the protons or positive charges in the wall.
Balloons that both have an excess of negative charges will attract/repel/have no effect on each other.

During a lightning storm the constant upward motion of water molecules causes a buildup of negative charges in the clouds. Picture Link

Lightning results from the buildup and discharge of electrical energy between  positively and negatively charged areas.

Draw a picture representing the creation of lightning.
  • If we apply a force electromotive to a metal wire the electrons in the wire will jump from nucleus to nucleus in the wire.

  • This movement of electron to electron will cause an electric current to flow in the wire.

  • Objects like copper which freely permit electrons to move through them have (low/moderate/high) resistance and are called conductors.
  • Objects like  which slow electrons down as they move through causing heat have  (low/moderate/high) resistance.
  • Objects which do not allow electrons to move through them have (low/moderate/high) resistance and are called insulators.
  • You need to add energy to the atom to get the electrons to move.
Batteries use chemical energy to get electrons to move from atom to atom.

This electromotive force that causes the electrons to flow is measured in volts.

Household appliances use up to 110 or 220 volts whereas portable batteries may only use 9 volts.

 

Chemical properties of the battery left cause positive charges to move to the (top/bottom/side) of the battery and the negative charge to move to the (top/bottom/side) of the battery.

Electricity and Magnetism Demos

Fundamentals - advanced.

Generating electricity
Draw and label a  simple circuit consisting of a battery, switch and bulb.

Devices like light bulbs which have moderate resistance are drawn on schematic diagrams with zig zag lines.

Draw a schematic representation of the light bulb circuit at the right of this page...add another bulb to the schematic. 
Current passing through a wire is measured with an ammeter.

The earth is like a magnet because of the large amount of iron in its core.

A region of space around a magnet where a magnetic force is felt is called a magnetic region.
The animation above shows the created current being measured by a/an ammeter. If you move a magnet around a copper wire it will produce a electric current in the wire.