The battery is made up of two different metals (the steel paper clip- zinc and the copper wire). These are called electrodes, which are the parts of a battery where electric current enters or leaves the battery.  The electrodes are placed in a liquid containing an electrolyte, which is a solution that can conduct electricity. (in this case it's acetic acid - lemon juice)

• Create a circuit and connect a battery to a light bulb. (try two light bulbs)
• Create a switch at the point in the circuit where you see the arrow and control the light bulb with the switch.
• Create a circuit and connect a battery to a buzzer.
• Control the buzzer with a switch.
• Now do the following:

• Solar cells are also called photovoltaic (PV) cells and can be found on many small appliances, like calculators, and even on spacecraft. They were first developed in the 1950s for use on U.S. space satellites. They are made of silicon, a special type of melted sand.
• When sunlight strikes the solar cell, electrons (red circles) are knocked loose. They move toward the treated front surface (dark blue color). An electron imbalance is created between the front and back. When the two surfaces are joined by a connector, like a wire, a current of electricity occurs between the negative and positive sides.

• The magnetic field around a magnet comes from moving electric charges. In a permanent magnet they are the spinning and circulating electrons in the iron atoms that make up the magnet

• A wire conducting electricity produces a magnetic field.  The movement of electric charge produces a magnetic field. (see picture below)

• Take a long straight wire carrying a current and place it into an EXTERNAL magnetic field, say from an horseshoe magnet, then the EXTERNAL magnetic field and the magnetic field generated by the current passing through the wire INTERACT.

• It is this interaction and  distortion of the resultant magnetic field that causes the wire to experience an upward force and the motor armature to move.

• An electric motor has a circular tube-like permanent magnet, or electromagnet, this is called the stator.
• The purpose is to provide or generate the EXTERNAL magnetic field required.
• Inside the stator cavity are the current carrying long straight wires, called the armature which is rectangular in shape in order to present the maximum amount of wire in the magnetic field.

• When we switch on an electric motor we allow electricity (electrical energy) to flow through the armature windings of copper wire.
• As we have seen for a single wire in an EXTERNAL magnetic field, the field distorts and the armature windings experience a force. The armature rotates due to this force and drives (mechanical energy) our machines.

• The stator is the stationary outside part of a motor.
• In this motor animation, red represents a magnet or copper wire winding with a north polarization, while green represents a magnet or copper wire winding with a south polarization.
• Opposite, red and green, polarities attract.
• The stator outside stationary part of the motor consists of two permanent magnets.
• For more details click here: DETAILS