Cell Structure And Function

1. How is it possible for the nucleus to control metabolic functions and what are some of the functions? (Pages 43 and 485.)

2. Mitochondria practice a form of energy. What is this form and why is it usable? (p. 54)

3. Why is the cytoplasm gel-like? (p. 47 bottom)

4. Why do EM's show the cell membranes as two dense lines separated by a "clear space"? (EM=electromicrograph)

5. Why does the protein portion of a cell's intracellular membranes vary a lot? ***

6. 1. Why is the word "fluid" in the expression "fluid mosaic model"? (of a cell membrance)
   2. Why is the word "mosaic" in the expression?

7. Describe the structure of a phospholipid molecule by drawing it. (Right side fig. 2.6, P49)

8. Relationship:
   HOW does the structure of phospholipid relate to their function in the cell membrance? (P65 and 67) Also leave an empty page for mini-interactive lecture (sheet 2b). Also check the old-fashioned diagram - Top P69 - Fig2.6 can go on sheet 2b as well. ***

9. Nucleus: p.50
   1. Why must there be pores in the double-layed nuclear membrane?
   2. How do we know the nucleus controls both the metabolism and structure of the cell? Also, what is meant by metabolism? (p.50)
   3. HOW can DNA in the nucleus control protein synthesis in the cytoplasm (p.50)?
   4. Why is ribomal RNA needed in the nucleus? (p.50)

10. Endomembrane System:
    1. How are the ER, Golgi bodies and lysosomes structurally related to the nucleus? (p.50)
    2. Why does the SER (Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum) need so many enzymes? Give 3 reasons. (p.50)
    3. How could radioactive tagging*** be used to show that the Goli bodies receive vessicles from RER?
    4. Why do you suppose there are so many saccules in a Gogli body? See Picture P53...Think! Also see interactive mini-lecture. ***
    5. Where does a plant's vacuole develop from and HOW does it function in support?
    6. What would be the 3 vesicles in fig. 2:12 bottom and how do they differ in composition? (Note: On vesicle is a lysosome.)
    7. Relating Lysosomes to cellular digestion: How are Lysosomes well suited for hydrolosis reactions (3 ways)
    8. What does hydrolosis mean? (p.183 and p.54) - More depth on this later in biochemisty.
    9. Why is auto-digestion useful to the cell? (p.54)
    10. How are Lysosomes useful in metamorphosis of a tadpole? How do the steps for secretion of a protein relate to cell organelles? (Name each organelle in order and explain its function.)
    11. How does the secretion of a steriod differ from the steps in secretion of a protein? (Number your differences.) Begin after enzymes for steriod synthesis have been made. Then list 3 events that don't occur. (See final exam Diagram on next sheet.)