Searching your Roots using DNA testing

The steps outlined below are the suggested method to go about having your DNA tested and getting the maximum from the results.

  1. Since Y-Chromosome DNA testing can only be done on a male then if you are a female you must find a living male descendant of the line that you want tests done on. Get the consent of the person that you want tested so that you don't cause family problems with someone who wants nothing to do with it.

  2. Write down the full name, date of birth and death and location of your earliest known male ancestor for the line that you want to follow.

  3. Determine if  Surname group exists for the surname that you want the tests done for. The easiest way to do this is to go to WorldConnect and search for any person with the surname that you wish to follow and when the search is done there should be a link on the right side of the screen for "DNA Ancestry". Click on this link and it will show what exists for this surname. Since many surnames have variations, you may find that the name you want is part of another group. This is no problem as the main purpose of joining the group is to have the benefit of the group rates when having the tests. An example is shown below for the Hodgins/Hodgens group:
    The tests are very simple as you make an application for a kit from FTDNA by sending an request to the following URL:
    http://www.familytreedna.com/ftanc_results.asp?sType=bw&subsearch=Search&ftdna_ref=106&Searchname=HODGINS
    You will see that an associated surname project is one for the name Hodgens which has a link on the page. The order form is at:
    http://www.familytreedna.com/surname_join.asp?code=P76820&special=true
    An example of the Krause surname DNA groups is shown at the following link:
    http://www.familytreedna.com/ftanc_results.asp?sType=bw&subsearch=Search&ftdna_ref=106&Searchname=KRAUSE
    If you open this link then you will see there are four projects that are possible choices to join. Two of the choices are for racial or ethnic background like "Mennonite/Amish" or "Nordic & Celtic DNA". The group that is for the surname is shown as "Kraus" as it covers all the variations of spelling of this surname.
    Cost for these tests are(as of June 2006):
    12-Marker  $99.00 USD not recommended as it is only useful to show what you are not associated with. Where this test is useful is when a person known to be a descendant of a particular line is being checked to see if they are a descendant of the proper line. For example, if you have attached your line to a line where there is not documented proof that the connection is correct then by having a male descendant of one of the other male siblings of the earliest generation tested. If you are paying for the test then by doing a 12-Marker test and if the results are identical or only differ by one or two then a more extensive test should be done. However, if the results for the two people are completely different and from a different Haplogroup only the 12-Marker test is sufficient to prove that the connection is totally wrong and you are back to square one with that hypothesis or assumption!!
    25-Marker  $148.00 USD Medium but more markers would be better.
    37-Marker $ 189.00 USD I recommend this one as it has enough markers and is the one that gives the maximum results at a good price.
    67-Marker $ 269.00 USD This is one that is used mainly to determine what slight differences may exist if two or more males have exactly the same markers for the 37-Marker tests. This can be ordered as an upgrade later if desired.

  4. Click on the desired link to join the group. This is the first step as a message is sent to the group co-ordinater so that they can determine if you meet the requirements to join the group. When you receive a reply to join at FTDNA then go to the link that is provided for that in the reply from the group co-ordinater.

  5. Fill out the application form at FTDNA giving all of the information requested. If you are the one having the tests done on yourself then it is simple but it is also possible for someone else to apply and pay for the tests to be done on a male who is the test person. This is more difficult but quite easy as you fill out the form.

  6. When asked for the name of the earliest male ancestor information then use the info that you have from step 2 above.

  7. Finish the application form and submit it.

  8. When the kit arrives and after the samples have been obtained and the additional paperwork is done. This is one of the most important as you must sign a release form to allow FTDNA to contact others who match your DNA profile. If you fail to allow the release of this information then most of the benefits will be lost with your DNA testing results. Now send the kit back to the lab and then you have to wait until the kit arrives at the testing lab before an email arrives from FTDNA that shows your account name and ID number. This can take several weeks. Now you can go to that page and fill out any extra information and submit a GED file that will be included on you FTDNA account.

  9. To produce this direct line male descendancy GED file you can use the method explained in a step-by-step method described in the following webpage that shows Outline Report of Direct Descendants. Once you have the direct line report then produce a GED file of only those persons in the report. This description was prepared using Family Tree Maker as the genealogy program but if you use any other program then there should be a similar method.

  10. Once you have the GED file produced in the previous step then go to your FTDNA account and submit the GED file and view it to see if it meets your requirements and the icon is shown properly.

  11. One item that is important at the FTDNA page is to enter your information at the tab called "Setup Preferences" the suggested items to check are as follows:

    • Allow the group administrator to send emails to your email address, YES

    • Set your preferences for matching purposes: SET TO MATCHES AGAINST THE ENTIRE DATABASE

    • When displaying Matches only show (Check all if the items)

    • The next section is one of the most important and is used to show your Most Distant Known Ancestor and this is used by the results shown at the Project Results page and also at Y-Search when you join. Enter your Paternal Side: and for the Origin if you know the location where the person was born then the Latitude and Longitude in decimal format are required. This is used to position a small red balloon on a map of the world where your earliest known ancestor was born or from.

    • If you belong to multiple groups then fill in the options for those as well.

    • You may have to keep this section updated as more information is found for your ancestry. Only by keeping the information current is one able to see what others within the group have for their information as well as yours.

  12. When the results of your DNA analysis start to arrive from the testing lab then you are notified that you can set up a Y-Search account so that these results will be available for others searching this surname. This is the most important part of the whole process since if you do not make your results known to others then you will not be able to search for others who are closely related to you. To set up the Y-Search account you click on the icon for Y-Search and set up an account. This may also be found on your FTDNA page in the Y-DNA Matches tab where there is a link to the Y-Search page. When you click on this link, you are taken to a page where you must "Create a new user" Click on that link and do the following steps:

  1. Fill in the form making sure the surname of the person is the same as that of the primary person. If the names are different then anyone searching for matches for a given surname may not find your data as they have your name which does not match the desired surname. This is especially true for persons who have paid for tests to be done on a male descendant of the surname line.

  2. Enter your Haplogroup from the drop down menu of ones available. This was most likely indicated to  you by FTDNA.

  3. Another important item is to enter variations of the Surname as that is how others will find your data if they happen to spell their surname differently.

  4. Once the Y-Search account is set up then the data from FTDNA can be transferred automatically to the Y-Search account.

  5. Enter the name of the most distant known paternal ancestor and indicate when the person was born and died.

  6. Indicate the country and origin of this ancestor. Be as exact as possible. If you know the area where the person was from then find the area on a map that shows Latitude and Longitude as that is used for a special section on statistics for the different Haplogroups.

  7. Indicate when and where they Emigrated from  and where they immigrated to.

  8. The next step is the next most important and that is to also submit your GED file to your Y-Search database. Most people fail to do this and wonder why they are not part of  additional groups or members joining their group since part of their information is missing. If one looks at any given surname search you may find only 1 or 2 persons who have submitted a GED file out of 20 or more who have data shown. It is only by having this GED file so that others can see what your ancestral line is then check to see if they may also be part of the same group and have their DNA tested as well to prove they have the correct linage for themselves. NOTE: When you are upload your GED to your Y-Search account you will be asked a number of questions about the details of how you want the information displayed. To maintain privacy, the info on persons born since 1900 is not shown. The final question asks you to click on the person whose DNA sample was taken. You must click on that persons name in the list or the GED file in not uploaded properly and you cannot view the lineage. If this happens then just go through the process again to upload your GED file and make sure it works to your satisfaction by testing the results that others will see. To do this just do a Y-Search using your surname.

  9. The following example if for a Y-Search and then choose search by last name:
    Ysearch - the number one Y-DNA public database
    Enter the last name you are searching for (for this example enter Krause) and when that screen opens, you will see a box containing the information on "Records Found" with a number of hits for the "Name or Variants" and also hits for "Pedigree". The Pedigree hits is confusing as it includes all hits for the name selected name in any GED file even if they are not direct line descendants. Click on the Pedigree number and you will see the last entry is for the surname Frazer if you chose the surname of Krause, while all the others are for the last name of Krause. If you click on the hits for the Name or Variants then the list appears and those that have a Pedigree will have the link to "Show" that allows you to see the Pedigree. Check yours to see that it meets your requirements. When viewing the Pedigree chart if you move your mouse pointer over the persons name the information on date and location of birth and death are shown if  your GED file contained that information.

NOTE: Don't worry about being able to fill in all of the item indicated above as you can go back at any time and add the information as you find out more about your earliest ancestor. The more you can have at an early stage the better but sometimes the geographic location takes a bit of searching to determine the correct co-ordinates. One of the best ways to find the geographic location and co-ordinates is by using Google Earth to find the location and the co-ordinates are shown on the Google screen.