In each of
these cases you can go to the Medline site
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi
and enter the PMID number to bring up the abstract.
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J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002 Mar;87(3):1088-93
The cardiovascular risk of adult GH deficiency (GHD) improved after GH replacement and worsened in untreated GHD: a 12-month prospective study.
Colao A, di Somma C, Pivonello R, Cuocolo A, Spinelli L, Bonaduce D, Salvatore M, Lombardi G.
Department of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology and Oncology, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy. colao@unina.it
Increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality were reported in GH deficiency (GHD), and GH replacement can ameliorate cardiac abnormalities of adult GHD patients. ...left ventricular ejection fraction at rest and its response at peak exercise normalized in 60 and 53.3%, respectively, of GH-treated patients and in none of the GH-untreated patients.
CONCLUSION: 12 months of GH replacement normalized IGF-I and improved lipid profile and cardiac performance in adult GHD patients. A similar period of GH deprivation induced a further impairment of lipid profile and cardiac performance. This finding strongly supports the need of GH replacement in adult GHD patients.
PMID: 11889170 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Cardiovasc Res 2002 Apr;54(1):25-35
Growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1 and the aging cardiovascular system.
Khan AS, Sane DC, Wannenburg T, Sonntag WE.
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1083, USA.
There is a large body of evidence that biological aging is related to a series of long-term catabolic processes resulting in decreased function and structural integrity of several physiological systems, among which is the cardiovascular system. These changes in the aging phenotype are correlated with a decline in the amplitude of pulsatile growth hormone secretion and the resulting decrease in plasma levels of its anabolic mediator, insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). The relationship between growth hormone and biological aging is supported by studies demonstrating that growth hormone administration to old animals and humans raises plasma IGF-1 and results in increases in skeletal muscle and lean body mass, a decrease in adiposity, increased immune function, improvements in learning and memory, and increases in cardiovascular function. Since growth hormone and IGF-1 exert potent effects on the heart and vasculature, the relationship between age-related changes in cardiovascular function and the decline in growth hormone levels with age have become of interest. ...
Growth hormone has been found to exert potent effects on cardiovascular function in young animals and reverses many of the deficits in cardiovascular function in aged animals and humans.
Publication Types:
Review
Review, Tutorial
PMID: 12062358 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Circulation 2002 Aug 20;106(8):939-44
Comment in:
Circulation. 2002 Aug 20;106(8):893-5.
Low serum insulin-like growth factor I is associated with increased risk of ischemic heart disease: a population-based case-control study.
Juul A, Scheike T, Davidsen M, Gyllenborg J, Jorgensen T.
Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. ajuul@dadlnet.dk
BACKGROUND: Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
CONCLUSIONS: Individuals without ischemic heart disease (IHD) but with low circulating IGF-I levels and high IGFBP-3 levels have significantly increased risk of developing IHD during a 15-year follow-up period. Our findings suggest that IGF-I may be involved in the pathogenesis of IHD.
PMID: 12186797 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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J Endocrinol Invest 2002 Jul-Aug;25(7):590-7
Left ventricular diastolic function abnormalities in hypopituitary patients with GH deficiency: evidence for a subclinical cardiomyopathy.
Ozbey N, Sezgil A, Oflaz H, Umman B, Orhan Y, Sencer E, Molvalilar S.
Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Capa, Turkey. nozbey@hotmail.com
The aim of this study was to evaluate cardiac performance, in particular diastolic function, in adult patients with adulthood onset GH deficiency. ...All hormone deficiencies, except for GH, were appropriately replaced in the patients.
CONCLUSION: in adults affected by hypopituitarism, GH deficiency predominantly impairs diastolic function while systolic function at rest is spared. This observation might indicate a preclinical stage of a cardiomyopathy.
PMID: 12150332 [PubMed - in process]
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Growth hormone and cardiac function.
Ann Endocrinol (Paris). 2000 Feb;61(1):16-21. Review.
PMID: 10790587 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
The evidence
that GH is able to increase cardiac mass suggested its use in the -treatment of
chronic heart failure of diverse etiologies. GH administration was demonstrated
to induce an improvement in hemodynamics and clinical status in some patients.
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Am J Hypertens 2002 Sep;15(9):766-72
Positive association between circulating free insulin-like growth factor-1 levels and coronary flow reserve in arterial systemic hypertension.
Galderisi M, Caso P, Cicala S, De Simone L, Barbieri M, Vitale G, de Divitiis O, Paolisso G.
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
CONCLUSIONS: Free IGF-1 circulating levels are independently associated with coronary flow reserve in hypertensive individuals free of overt coronary artery disease. A possible beneficial effect exerted by IGF-1 on coronary blood flow may be supposed in arterial hypertension.
PMID: 12219870 [PubMed - in process]
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Am Heart J 2002 Aug;144(2):359-64
Growth hormone administration reduces circulating proinflammatory cytokines and soluble Fas/soluble Fas ligand system in patients with chronic heart failure secondary to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.
Second Department of Cardiology, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece. sadamo@bigfoot.com
BACKGROUND: Recent studies have shown that an abnormal proinflammatory cytokine expression and apoptotic process contribute to adverse left ventricular remodeling and progress of chronic heart failure.
CONCLUSIONS: GH administration reduces serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines and soluble Fas/FasL system in patients with IDC. These immunomodulatory effects may be associated with improvement in clinical performance and exercise capacity of patients with IDC.
Publication Types:
Clinical Trial
Randomized Controlled Trial
PMID: 12177657 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002 Aug;87(8):3650-5
The cardiovascular risk of GH-deficient adolescents.
Colao A, Di Somma C, Salerno M, Spinelli L, Orio F, Lombardi G.
Department of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology and Oncology, University Federico II of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy. colao@unina.it
To investigate the onset of the cardiovascular impairment in patients with GH deficiency (GHD), we prospectively studied cardiovascular risk parameters, cardiac mass and performance (by echocardiography)...
CONCLUSION: GH discontinuation is inappropriate in adolescents with severe GHD, inducing impairment of lipid profile and cardiac morphology and performance. Because the results on the cardiovascular system and on the lipid profile were suboptimal, it is likely that the GH dose in severe GHD adolescents should be higher.
PMID: 12161490 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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J Am Coll Cardiol 2002 Apr 3;39(7):1175-81
Reduction of insulin-like growth factor-I expression in the skeletal muscle of noncachectic patients with chronic heart failure.
Hambrecht R, Schulze PC, Gielen S, Linke A, Mobius-Winkler S, Yu J, Kratzsch J J, Baldauf G, Busse MW, Schubert A, Adams V, Schuler G.
University of Leipzig-Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Leipzig, Germany. hamr@medizin.uni-leipzig.de
OBJECTIVES: We sought to assess the role of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in muscle wasting in chronic heart failure (CHF), serum concentrations and local muscular IGF-I expression were determined in patients with severe CHF. BACKGROUND: Chronic heart failure is associated with progressive muscle atrophy, leading to cardiac cachexia. Skeletal muscle disuse and inflammatory activation with elevated cytokine levels have been implicated; however, the pathomechanism involved remains largely unknown.
CONCLUSIONS: In CHF patients, muscle IGF-I expression is considerably reduced in the presence of normal serum IGF-I levels, possibly contributing to early loss of muscle mass. These findings are consistent with a potential role of IGF-I for skeletal muscle atrophy in CHF.
PMID: 11923043 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2001 Dec;55(6):741-8
Low individualized growth hormone (GH) dose increased renal and cardiac growth in young adults with childhood onset GH deficiency.
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital Lund, Sweden.
OBJECTIVE: In childhood onset GH deficiency (GHD) a reduction in left ventricular mass (LV-mass) and impairment of systolic function as well an impairment in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) has been shown. The aim of the present study was to assess if a low GH dose resulted in an improvement in morphological and functional parameters of these organs.
CONCLUSION: A low individualized GH dose to adults with childhood onset GHD resulted in an increase in LV-mass index and kidney length. Re-establishing GH treatment with a low dose in this patient group can lead to a further somatic maturation of these organs, probably not accomplished previously.
PMID: 11895215 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Johannsson G, Bengtsson BA.
Growth hormone and the metabolic syndrome.
J Endocrinol Invest. 1999;22(5 Suppl):41-6. Review.
Research Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Goteborg, Sweden.
The association of several risk factors, obesity, dyslipoproteinemia, hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance and hypertension with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and myocardial infarction has long been known and has been termed the "metabolic syndrome". In 1988 Reaven introduced syndrome X as the link between insulin resistance and hypertension. It has been suggested that a critical factor in the association between obesity, Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular morbidity is the mass of intraabdominal fat. Striking similarities exist between the metabolic syndrome and untreated growth hormone (GH) deficiency in adults. The central findings in both these syndromes are abdominal/visceral obesity and insulin resistance. Other features common to both conditions are premature atherosclerosis and increased mortality from cardiovascular diseases. These similarities indicate that undetectable and low levels of GH may be of importance in the metabolic aberrations observed in both these conditions. Recent investigations have found that abdominal/visceral distribution of adipose tissue is associated with endocrine disturbances including increased activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and a blunted secretion of GH and sex steroids. Theoretically, these endocrine perturbations can be a consequence of obesity, but the endocrine aberrations may have causal effects. We studied moderately obese, middle-aged men with a preponderance of abdominal body fat. As a group, they had slight to moderate metabolic changes known to be associated with abdominal/visceral obesity. Nine months of GH treatment reduced their total body fat and resulted in a specific and a marked decrease in both abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue. Moreover, insulin sensitivity improved and serum concentrations of total cholesterol and triglyceride decreased. Diastolic blood pressure also decreased. The finding that GH replacement in men with abdominal obesity can diminish the negative metabolic consequences of visceral obesity suggests that low levels of this hormone are of importance for the metabolic aberrations associated with visceral/abdominal obesity.
Duncan Crow